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. 2024 Aug 13;14(16):1765. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14161765

Table 1.

Distribution and representation of different sample categories of patients with diabetes mellitus used for this study.

Variables Model Training Model Testing
Sample size (n, %) 1132 (80) 284 (20)
Age (mean ± SD) 49.28 ± 13.90 46.55 14.1
Gender Female (n, %) 390 91 (32)
Male (n, %) 742 193 (68)
Type of DM T1DM (n, %) 39 (3) 13 (5)
T2DM (n, %) 1093 (97) 271 (95)
HbA1C levels (mean ± SD) 8.93 ± 2.12 9.26 1.42
DM treatment with No treatment (n, %) 55 (5) 14 (5)
OHA (n, %) 813 (72) 212 (75)
Insulin (n, %) 79 (7) 19 (7)
OHA + Insulin (n, %) 185 (16) 39 (14)
Control of DM Controlled (n, %) 551 (49) 141 (50)
Not controlled (n, %) 581 (51) 143 (50)
Family history of DM Absent (n, %) 569 (50) 138 (49)
Present (n, %) 563 (50) 146 (51)
Pregnancy status Not pregnant (n, %) 1132 (100) 284 (100)
Systemic co-morbidity Absent (n, %) 598 (53) 160 (56)
Present (n, %) 534 (47) 124 (44)
Presence of DR in any eye Absent (n, %) 569 (50) 138 (49)
Present (n, %) 563 (50) 146 (51)
Presence of STDR in any eye Absent (n, %) 828 (73) 212 (75)
Present (n, %) 304 (27) 72 (25)

Abbreviations: DM—diabetes mellitus; DR—diabetic retinopathy; STDR—sight threatening diabetic retinopathy; OHA—oral hypoglycemic agents; SD—standard deviation; T1DM—Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM—Type 2 diabetes mellitus.