Table 1.
Comparison of demographic and familial characteristics between cases and controls.
| Variable | ADHD Group (n = 61) |
Control Group (n = 58) |
X2/t | df | p-Value | Adjusted p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.150 | 1 | 0.698 (X2) | |||
| Female | 19 (31.1%) | 20 (34.5%) | ||||
| Male | 42 (68.9%) | 38 (65.5%) | ||||
| District of residence | 6.299 | 4 | 0.178 (X2) | |||
| North | 14 (23%) | 16 (27.6%) | ||||
| Bekaa | 3 (4.9%) | 5 (8.6%) | ||||
| Mount Lebanon | 37 (60.7%) | 23 (39.7%) | ||||
| Beirut | 6 (9.8%) | 11 (19%) | ||||
| South | 1 (1.6%) | 3 (5.2%) | ||||
| Age (years) | −1.555 | 117 | 0.123 (t) | |||
| mean ± SD | 13.3 ± 3.5 | 14.3 ± 3.3 | ||||
| ADHD medications | 57.290 | 1 | <0.001 (X2) | |||
| Yes | 40 (65.6%) | 0 (0%) | ||||
| No | 21 (34.4%) | 58 (100%) | ||||
| Mother’s age at conception (years) mean ± SD | 30.6 ± 4.9 | 28.4 ± 4.2 | 2.625 | 117 | 0.010 (t) | 0.037 |
| Consanguineous marriage | 1.725 | 1 | 0.365 (F) | 0.502 | ||
| Yes | 4 (6.6%) | 1 (1.7%) | ||||
| No | 57 (93.4%) | 57 (98.3%) | ||||
| Family history of ADHD 1 | 14.540 | 1 | <0.001 (X2) | 0.022 | ||
| Yes | 20 (32.8%) | 3 (5.2%) | ||||
| No | 41 (67.2%) | 55 (94.8%) | ||||
| Family history of ASD 1 | 8.155 | 1 | 0.006 (F) | 0.044 | ||
| Yes | 8 (13.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||||
| No | 53 (86.9%) | 58 (100.0%) |
1 Family history was considered in first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree relatives. X2, Pearson Chi-square test; t, Independent samples t-test; F, Fisher’s exact test. Italicizing indicates p-value < 0.05. Bolding indicates statistically significant after FDR correction (adjusted p-value < 0.05).