Table 12.
Influence of drying method and temperature on the color of celery stalks.
| Sample | L* | c | h | BI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RM | 62.1 ± 0.63 m | 16.7 ± 0.42 h | 102.4 ± 1.72 i | 25.07 ± 0.574 a |
| FD 40 °C | 84.9 ± 0.59 l | 30.8 ± 0.28 g | 110.3 ± 0.84 gh | 30.20 ± 1.021 bc |
| FD 60 °C | 83.3 ± 0.58 k | 29.5 ± 0.45 f | 110.0 ± 0.40 fg | 29.58 ± 0.669 b |
| FD 80 °C | 81.3 ± 0.44 j | 29.5 ± 0.24 f | 108.5 ± 0.67 f | 31.64 ± 0.484 cd |
| VD 40 °C | 82.0 ± 0.41 j | 29.2 ± 0.32 f | 110.5 ± 0.66 gh | 29.44 ± 0.773 b |
| VD 60 °C | 80.0 ± 0.47 i | 29.0 ± 0.56 f | 111.8 ± 0.97 h | 29.02 ± 1.224 b |
| VD 80 °C | 77.1 ± 0.50 h | 27.6 ± 0.22 e | 110.5 ± 0.40 gh | 29.54 ± 0.381 b |
| AD 40 °C | 71.3 ± 0.49 f | 24.9 ± 0.23 c | 104.2 ± 0.56 e | 33.30 ± 0.432 de |
| AD 60 °C | 69.6 ± 0.51 e | 22.7 ± 0.77 b | 104.2 ± 0.5 e | 30.59 ± 1.305 bc |
| AD 80 °C | 68.8 ± 0.32 e | 21.0 ± 0.40 a | 91.0 ± 0.97 b | 35.15 ± 0.779 e |
| AMD50 40 °C | 69.2 ± 0.55 e | 26.6 ± 0.43 d | 99.4 ± 0.38 d | 41.27 ± 1.066 g |
| AMD50 60 °C | 72.9 ± 0.48 g | 22.4 ± 0.55 b | 96.6 ± 0.73 c | 32.66 ± 1.077 d |
| AMD50 80 °C | 63.7 ± 0.44 b | 22.2 ± 0.31 b | 90.8 ± 0.63 b | 41.34 ± 0.203 gh |
| AMD100 40 °C | 65.2 ± 0.54 c | 25.1 ± 0.39 c | 96.5 ± 0.38 c | 43.34 ± 0.73 hi |
| AMD100 60 °C | 67.4 ± 0.75 d | 22.2 ± 0.44 b | 92.3 ± 0.17 b | 37.86 ± 1.349 f |
| AMD100 80 °C | 61.1 ± 0.61 a | 22.1 ± 0.34 b | 88.2 ± 1.03 a | 44.41 ± 1.213 i |
RM—raw material, FD 40 °C—freeze drying 40 °C, FD 60 °C—freeze drying 60 °C, FD 80 °C—freeze drying 80 °C, VD 40 °C—vacuum drying 40 °C, VD 60 °C—vacuum drying 60 °C, VD 80 °C—vacuum drying 80 °C, AD 40 °C—air (convective) drying 40 °C, AD 60 °C—air (convective) drying 60 °C, AD 80 °C—air (convective) drying 80 °C, AMD50 40 °C—air (convective) drying 40 °C with 50 W microwaves, AMD50 60 °C—air (convective) drying 60 °C with 50 W microwaves, AMD50 80 °C—air (convective) drying 80 °C with 50 W microwaves, AMD100 40 °C—air (convective) drying 40 °C with 100 W microwaves, AMD100 60 °C—air (convective) drying 60 °C with 100 W microwaves, AMD100 80 °C—air (convective) drying 80 °C with 100 W microwaves, L*—lightness, c—chroma, h—hue angle, BI—browning index; the values are expressed as mean ± SD; means with different letter superscript are significantly different (α = 0.05).