Abd El-Rahman et al. (2017) [22]

Abd El-Rahman et al. (2018) [23]

Barton et al. (2011) [24]

Chelly et al. (2011) [25]

De Kock et al. (2001) [26]

Fallon et al. (2018) [27]

Gewandter et al. (2014) [28]

Hardy et al. (2012) [29]

Ishizuka et al. (30)

Kamal et al. (2019) [31]

Kang et al. (2020) [32]

Kollender et al. (2008) [33]

Lauretti, Gomes, et al. (1999) [34]

Lauretti, Lima, et al. (1999) [35]

Lavand’homme et al. (2005) [36]

Mahran et al. (2015) [37]

Mohamed et al. (2016) [38]

Nesher et al. (2009) [39]

Othman et al. (2016) [40]

Rakhman et al. (2011) [41]

Shah et al. (2020) [42]

Was the study described as randomized, a randomized trial, a randomized clinical trial, or an RCT?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Was the method of randomization adequate (i.e., use of randomly generated assignments)?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Was the treatment allocation concealed (so that assignments could not be predicted)?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were study participants and providers blinded to treatment group assignment?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were the people assessing the outcomes blinded to the participants’ group assignments?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were the groups similar at baseline on important characteristics that could affect outcomes (e.g., demographics, risk factors, co-morbid conditions)?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Was the overall drop-out rate from the study at the endpoint 20% or lower than the number allocated to treatment?

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Was the differential drop-out rate (between treatment groups) at the endpoint 15 percentage points or lower?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Was there high adherence to the intervention protocols for each treatment group?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were other interventions avoided or similar in the groups (e.g., similar background treatments)?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were outcomes assessed using valid and reliable measures, implemented consistently across all study participants?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Did the authors report that the sample size was sufficiently large to be able to detect a difference in the main outcome between groups with at least 80% power?

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were outcomes reported or subgroups analyzed prespecified (i.e., identified before analyses were conducted)?

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Were all randomized participants analyzed in the group to which they were originally assigned? (i.e., did they use an intention-to-treat analysis?)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Overall quality rating

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Good

Overall quality: Good, Fair, Poor.