Table 1.

Nano-based drugs for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Therapy	Nanoformulation	Molecule	Action	Reference
Methotrexate	Intravitreal injections and intraoperative infusions	Folate antagonist	Decrease in RPE cell proliferation and migration, inducing apoptosis and avoiding photoreceptor toxicity	Schulz et al. [29]
Daunomycin	Intraoperative injection	Anthracycline	Inhibition of cell proliferation and migration	Wiedemann et al. [30]
Corticosteroids	Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide	Steroids	Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties, various administration methods, and lack of retinal toxicity evidence	Ahmadieh et al. [31], Munir et al. [32]
Retinoic acid	Low-dose oral isotretinoin	Metabolite of vitamin A1	Inhibition of RPE cell growth	Chang et al. [33]
5-Fluorouracil	Intravitreal infusion	Anti-neoplastic antimetabolite	Decrease in PVR growth	Asaria et al. [34]
Mitomycin C	Intravitreal infusion	Anti-tumor agent	Reduction in post-traumatic PVR	Gürelik et al. [35]
Vascular endothelial growth factor Decorin Platelet-derived growth factor receptor MicroRNAs	Intravitreal injection a single intravitreal dose Intravitreal injections Intravitreal administration	Angiogenic factor Proteoglycan Tyrosine kinase receptor RNA micromolecules	Reduction in the bioactivity of vitreous and PVR formation Inhibition of TGF-β and extracellular matrix synthesis Reduction in RPE and glial cell proliferation Inhibition of the RPE–mesenchymal transition	Zhao et al. [36] Abdullatif et al. [37] Zheng et al. [38] Cui et al. [39]