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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Eligibility of the study population. After excluding 14 ineligible patients, 104 patients were enrolled in the study. LESS; laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery, RSP; Robotic Single-Port system, RSS; Robotic Single-Site platform.