Table 2.

Some examples of VeA regulating secondary metabolite production in fungi.

Fungus	Overexpression/ Deletion of veA	Positive/Negative Regulation	Production of Secondary Metabolites	Ref.
Acremonium chrysogenum	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of cephalosporin C (114).	[133]
Alternaria alternata	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of alternariol (4) and alternariol monomethyl ether (5).	[26]
Alternaria alternata	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of alternariol (4) and alternariol monomethyl ether (5).	[134]
Aspergillus carbonarius	Deletion	Positive	Production of ochratoxin A (10) was decreased to almost zero.	[32]
Aspergillus carbonarius	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of ochratoxin A (10).	[135]
Aspergillus flavus	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of cyclopiazonic acid (18), aflatrem B (115), and aflatoxins.	[136]
Aspergillus flavus	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of asparasone A (116).	[137]
Aspergillus flavus	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of aflatoxin B1 (17).	[138]
Aspergillus flavus	Deletion and overexpression	Positive	Decreased production of aflatoxins in the deletion mutant and increased production of aflatoxins in the overexpression mutant.	[139]
Aspergillus fumigatus	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of gliotoxin (21).	[140]
Aspergillus fumigatus	Overexpression	Negative	Decreased production of gliotoxin (21).	[140]
Aspergillus fumigatus	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of fumagillin (23), gumitremorgin G (117), fumigaclavine C (118), and glionitrin A (119).	[141]
Aspergillus fumigatus	Overexpression	Negative	Decreased production of fumagillin (23), gumitremorgin G (117), fumigaclavine C (118), and glionitrin A (119).	[141]
Aspergillus nidulans	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of sterigmatocystin (16) and penicillin G (28).	[142]
Aspergillus nidulans	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of penicillin G (28).	[143]
Aspergillus nidulans	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of sterigmatocystin (16) and norsolorinic aid (27)	[51]
Aspergillus nidulans	Deletion	Negative	Increased production of orsellinic acid (120), F9775A (121) and F9775B (122).	[144]
Aspergillus nidulans	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of aspernidines.	[145]
Aspergillus niger	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of ochratoxins A (10), α (123), and β (124).	[146]
Aspergillus ochraceus	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of ochratoxin A (10).	[58]
Aspergillus oryzae	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of kojic acid (20).	[147]
Aspergillus pachycristatus	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of sterigmatocystin (16) and echinocandin B (39).	[61]
Aspergillus parasiticus	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of sterigmatocystin (16).	[148]
Aspergillus parasiticus	Deletion	Positive	Reduced aflatoxin BGC gene expression and aflatoxisome development.	[149]
Chaetomium globosum	Deletion and overexpression	Positive	Decreased production of chaetoglobusin A (48) in the veA deleted mutant and increased production of chaetoglobusin A (48) in the veA overexpressed mutant.	[150]
Cladosporium fulvum	Deletion	Negative	Increased production of cladofulvin (55).	[70]
Cochliobolus heterostrophus	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of T-toxin (56).	[71]
Fusarium fujikuroi	Deletion	Negative	Increased production of bikaverin (61).	[75]
Fusarium fujikuroi	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of gibberellins A3 (63) and A4 (64), fusarin C (65), fumonisins B1 (66), B2 (67), B3 (68) and B4 (69), deoxynivalenol (70), and 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (71).	[75]
Fusarium fujikuroi	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of fusaric acid (62), fusarinolic acid (72), and dehydrofusaric acid (73)	[76]
Fusarium fujikuroi	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of gibberellins, fumonisins, and fusarin C (65).	[77]
Fusarium fujikuroi	Deletion	Negative	Increased production of gibepyrones A (74), B (75), C (76), D (77), E (78), and F (79).	[78]
Fusarium graminearium	Deletion	Positive	Reduced production of deoxynivalenol (69).	[151]
Fusarium graminearium	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of trichothecenes.	[152]
Fusarium nematophilum	Overexpression	Positive	Increased production of antitumor compounds.	[153]
Fusarium oxysporum	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of beauvericin (44) and fusaric aicd (73)	[80]
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of bikaverin (61) and fusaric acid (62)	[81]
Fusarium verticillioides	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of fusarin C (65) and fumonisins B1 (66), B2 (67) and B3 (68).	[154]
Mycosphaerella graminicola	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of melanin.	[155]
Neurospora crassa	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of carotenoids.	[156]
Neurospora crassa	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of siderophore coprogen (125) and carotenoids.	[157]
Penicillium chrysogenum	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of penicillin G (28).	[91]
Penicillium chrysogenum	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of penicillin G (28).	[158]
Penicillium chrysogenum	Deletion	Positive	Small reduction in penicillin G (28).	[93]
Penicillium citrinum	Deletion and overexpression	Positive	Decreased production of compactin (98) in the deletion mutant, and increased production of compactin (98) in the overexpressed mutant.	[94]
Penicillium citrinum	Overexpression	Positive	Increased production of compactin (98).	[159]
Penicillium expansum	Deletion	Positive	Decreased production of citrinin (81) and patulin (105).	[127]
Penicillium expansum	Deletion	Positive	Blocked production of patulin (105).	[160]
Penicillium expansum	Deletion	Positive	Lost production of patulin (105).	[161]
Pestalotiopsis microspora	Deletion	Negative	Increased production of pestalotiollide B (103).	[102]