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. 2024 Aug 13;13(16):4750. doi: 10.3390/jcm13164750

Table 4.

“Intra-biologic” analysis of functional and biological characteristics of patients treated with a biologic therapy over years.

Omalizumab Mepolizumab Benralizumab Dupilumab
T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T0 T1 T2 T0 T1
BDP HFA dose, mcg 673.17 ± 244.97 662.50 ± 258.88 590.91 ± 271.99 558.06 ± 293.00 500.00 ± 258.20 * 650.00 ± 174.93 580.00 ± 261.41 600.00 ± 215.21 600.00 ± 181.50 688.89 ± 247.21 783.33 ± 154.35 766.67 ± 123.67 650.00 ± 232.99 757.89 ± 216.84 800.00 ± 240.37
ACT score 19.37 ± 2.97 20.70 ± 2.56 * 21.03 ± 3.48 * 20.83 ± 3.44 21.57 ± 2.92 * 16.69 ± 4.84 20.67 ± 3.41 °° 20.40 ± 4.67 ° 21.83 ± 3.00 °°°° 22.22 ± 3.42 °° 17.61 ± 4.98 21.94 ± 4.28 # 21.00 ± 3.96 15.42 ± 4.55 20.00 ± 3.86 §§
Activity limitation 3.19 ± 1.08 4.05 ± 0.90 * 4.35 ± 1.00 ** 4.17 ± 1.20 * 4.50 ± 1.16 * 3.12 ± 1.24 3.92 ± 0.97 ° 3.95 ± 1.19 ° 4.39 ± 0.78 °°° 4.56 ± 0.73 °° 3.44 ± 1.46 4.17 ± 1.25 4.38 ± 0.74 # 2.84 ± 1.21 3.95 ± 1.13 §
Nocturnal symptoms 4.52 ± 0.87 4.82 ± 0.50 4.76 ± 0.97 4.83 ± 0.38 4.93 ± 0.27 3.85 ± 1.46 4.83 ± 0.64 ° 4.30 ± 1.38 4.67 ± 0.77 ° 4.67 ± 1.00 3.82 ± 1.59 4.61 ± 1.04 4.88 ± 0.35 # 3.95 ± 1.58 4.26 ± 1.15
Exacerbations/year 3.15 ± 3.07 1.00 ± 1.47 *** 1.22 ± 1.70 ** 1.68 ± 1.72 * 1.13 ± 1.58 ** 4.27 ± 2.91 1.08 ± 1.35 °°°° 0.75 ± 0.91 °°°° 0.61 ± 0.70 °°°° 0.44 ± 0.73 °°°° 4.00 ± 2.83 0.89 ± 0.90 ## 1.12 ± 1.25 ## 2.58 ± 1.95 0.42 ± 0.96 §§§
FVC abs. (L) 2.76 ± 1.04 3.04 ± 1.12 2.94 ± 1.07 2.94 ± 1.07 2.78 ± 1.03 2.79 ± 1.05 3.02 ± 1.19 2.88 ± 0.86 3.39 ± 1.34 2.81 ± 0.72 2.95 ± 0.99 3.11 ± 1.11 3.44 ± 1.22 2.37 ± 0.60 2.54 ± 0.69
FVC % pred. 89.02 ± 18.91 97.72 ± 16.27 * 95.55 ± 16.57 97.63 ± 17.47 * 99.08 ± 18.92 * 83.50 ± 16.67 91.61 ± 25.16 99.12 ± 27.29 ° 108.40 ± 16.15 °°°° 98.71 ± 18.51 93.56 ± 22.56 96.61 ± 23.09 105.00 ± 23.00 83.05 ± 19.70 85.71 ± 21.93
FEV1 abs. (L) 1.67 ± 0.63 1.87 ± 0.72 1.87 ± 0.63 1.90 ± 0.71 1.81 ± 0.73 1.72 ± 0.86 2.01 ± 1.04 1.82 ± 0.73 2.33 ± 1.15 1.89 ± 0.57 1.87 ± 0.75 2.11 ± 1.00 2.72 ± 0.95 # 1.32 ± 0.51 1.58 ± 0.65
FEV1 % pred. 65.08 ± 15.71 72.97 ± 17.64 * 75.30 ± 16.93 * 77.26 ± 19.49 * 76.70 ± 21.90 * 62.88 ± 19.41 73.62 ± 28.37 76.06 ± 28.78 86.73 ± 20.79 °° 81.43 ± 18.61 ° 72.67 ± 21.08 79.06 ± 28.85 98.12 ± 20.57 # 57.21 ± 18.89 64.47 ± 19.23
IT abs. 59.19 ± 13.47 61.69 ± 9.19 63.43 ± 9.53 63.97 ± 11.01 61.21 ± 11.53 58.59 ± 11.70 61.18 ± 12.54 60.10 ± 12.97 64.33 ± 13.04 65.99 ± 8.27 60.24 ± 14.47 62.21 ± 14.24 72.00 ± 5.63 # 53.58 ± 13.11 59.56 ± 13.12
IT % pred. 69.50 ± 13.71 77.82 ± 11.10 * 78.85 ± 12.5 * 79.41 ± 14.3 * 75.96 ± 13.12 74.46 ± 15.65 76.77 ± 15.77 73.88 ± 16.09 80.67 ± 17.22 79.43 ± 8.89 75.29 ± 18.95 79.94 ± 19.59 94.14 ± 8.13 ## 67.78 ± 15.90 73.33 ± 15.43
RV abs. (L) 3.08 ± 1.04 2.63 ± 0.78 2.57 ± 1.06 2.79 ± 0.82 2.18 ± 0.85 * 3.18 ± 1.03 2.85 ± 0.97 3.08 ± 0.83 2.55 ± 0.56 2.44 ± 0.73 3.22 ± 1.4 2.78 ± 1.17 3.25 ± 2.08 3.13 ± 1.14 2.47 ± 0.07 §
RV % pred. 159.11 ± 46.37 127.15 ± 38.82 * 132.64 ± 44.90 139.33 ± 42.27 113.00 ± 28.21 ** 148.73 ± 45.27 143.13 ± 51.42 154.36 ± 36.97 127.58 ± 31.77 121.20 ± 41.03 139.72 ± 49.73 142.71 ± 50.81 105.43 ± 46.24 150.94 ± 44.80 125.33 ± 41.85
FVC post BD abs.(L) 3.03 ± 1.21 3.48 ± 1.26 3.03 ± 0.63 2.99 ± 0.78 2.82 ± 1.23 2.95 ± 1.24 3.13 ± 1.08 3.02 ± 0.96 3.62 ± 1.29 3.21 ± 0.46 3.22 ± 1.11 3.30 ± 1.08 3.35 ± 1.52 2.57 ± 0.66 2.69 ± 0.73
FVC Delta abs. post BD (L) 0.33 ± 0.28 0.15 ± 0.21 * 0.22 ± 0.29 0.18 ± 0.17 0.16 ± 0.21 0.27 ± 0.21 0.15 ± 0.12 0.20 ± 0.22 0.17 ± 0.19 0.08 ± 0.03 ° 0.25 ± 0.22 0.24 ± 0.33 0.16 ± 0.14 0.23 ± 0.17 0.19 ± 0.16
FVC Delta % post BD 11.92 ± 9.24 6.48 ± 9.08 8.95 ± 13.60 6.39 ± 7.20 4.00 ± 6.22 * 9.12 ± 7.18 4.93 ± 4.25 6.62 ± 5.84 5.75 ± 6.95 2.42 ± 1.25 °° 7.36 ± 7.23 5.87 ± 6.96 5.62 ± 3.74 8.05 ± 9.17 9.91 ± 8.58
FEV1 post abs. (L) 1.95 ± 0.76 2.06 ± 0.84 1.84 ± 0.49 1.99 ± 0.59 2.01 ± 0.79 1.82 ± 1.10 2.26 ± 0.95 2.01 ± 0.88 2.58 ± 1.10 2.38 ± 0.21 2.05 ± 0.85 2.20 ± 0.82 2.56 ± 1.24 1.53 ± 0.63 1.60 ± 0.62
FEV1 Delta Post BD abs. (L) 0.24 ± 0.17 0.17 ± 0.12 0.15 ± 0.15 0.16 ± 0.14 0.21 ± 0.17 0.23 ± 0.19 0.16 ± 0.10 0.10 ± 0.46 0.17 ± 0.16 0.13 ± 0.14 0.18 ± 0.22 0.17 ± 0.20 0.13 ± 0.15 0.21 ± 0.18 0.17 ± 0.06
FEV1 Delta % post BD 15.58 ± 8.35 10.60 ± 8.24 8.38 ± 7.67 * 9.39 ± 9.98 11.55 ± 6.71 15.66 ± 9.72 7.52 ± 2.91 °° 1.72 ± 33.20 8.37 ± 10.17 6.55 ± 7.31 10.49 ± 12.76 10.49 ± 9.79 6.13 ± 5.31 16.16 ± 9.36 13.75 ± 9.05
DLCO % 87.71 ± 9.94 98.75 ± 21.87 105.50 ± 17.68 92.60 ± 14.98 97.00 ± 22.00 78.42 ± 23.13 64.00 ± 46.67 88.20 ± 15.06 85.38 ± 26.87 92.67 ± 24.01 94.50 ± 17.68 76.60 ± 13.94 89.00 ± 19.37
FENO (ppb) 35.47 ± 27.81 31.54 ± 21.89 42.64 ± 34.23 35.85 ± 17.31 48.11 ± 51.61 52.73 ± 33.00 56.87 ± 50.08 41.99 ± 30.12 59.75 ± 50.89 39.96 ± 24.39 50.84 ± 60.13 53.60 ± 40.48 31.13 ± 22.94 29.48 ± 17.17
Total IgE (UI/mL) 323.45 ± 261.19 792.33 ± 649.35 * 606.55 ± 419.06 * 557.97 ± 409.13 * 576.06 ± 519.86 307.65 ± 421.13 236.91 ± 152.03 197.13 ± 213.36 149.00 ± 49.50 641.95 ± 833.04 466.07 ± 461.11 613.67 ± 793.41 327.75 ± 649.39 221.05 ± 280.84
Leukocytes absolute count (cells/mcl) 8190.00 ± 1951.47 7357.42 ± 1952.10 7977.14 ± 3673.14 7351.15 ± 1679.39 7321.50 ± 2063.33 7771.65 ± 1822.44 7977.39 ± 1870.07 7325.56 ± 2491.86 7248.82 ± 2038.64 7220.00 ± 1464.66 8248.75 ± 1923.05 7551.76 ± 2973.69 6182.86 ± 1190.44 ## 9152.63 ± 2546.82 8011.25 ± 1772.18
Neutrophils % 55.12 ± 9.19 59.48 ± 11.54 58.88 ± 8.09 54.04 ± 7.84 56.07 ± 7.01 52.95 ± 10.77 57.99 ± 8.98 55.28 ± 10.03 60.73 ± 11.93 56.89 ± 7.43 54.54 ± 8.11 58.46 ± 10.16 49.07 ± 9.79 58.55 ± 11.33 53.83 ± 5.49
Neutrophils absolute count (cells/mcl) 4588.46 ± 1583.27 4246.47 ± 1556.59 5072.31 ± 2982.80 4062.31 ± 1195.96 4072.22 ± 1414.37 4058.47 ± 1566.19 4574.55 ± 1522.37 4115.00 ± 1994.25 4817.65 ± 2309.18 4085.71 ± 821.52 4570.62 ± 1274.58 4490.00 ± 2040.00 3115.00 ± 299.25 ## 5266.84 ± 1930.38 4304.50 ± 1610.92
Eosinophils % 5.44 ± 4.06 4.59 ± 3.71 5.17 ± 4.76 5.35 ± 3.44 5.03 ± 2.97 7.02 ± 4.13 1.43 ± 1.16 °°°° 1.50 ± 1.25 °°°° 1.29 ± 1.37 °°°° 1.04 ± 0.59 °°°° 7.00 ± 5.57 0.53 ± 2.00 ### 0.00 ± 0.00 #### 3.59 ± 2.59 5.94 ± 6.57
Eosinophils absolute count (cells/mcl) 426.79 ± 310.28 341.68 ± 271.28 363.29 ± 271.66 396.40 ± 231.73 403.12 ± 218.90 560.38 ± 312.03 108.26 ± 79.98 °°°° 105.00 ± 81.47 °°°° 85.88 ± 81.17 °°°° 74.29 ± 38.23 °°°° 563.89 ± 468.83 47.06 ± 188.94 ### 0.00 ± 0.00 #### 296.84 ± 193.16 527.06 ± 613.29
Fibrinogen (mg/dl) 356.62 ± 95.72 344.33 ± 100.47 330.67 ± 73.95 429.40 ± 88.71 363.40 ± 112.49 369.25 ± 95.12 404.22 ± 101.63 419.75 ± 129.64 327.29 ± 86.61 327.67 ± 92.39 294.00 ± 75.36 366.86 ± 79.42 382.50 ± 98.99

BDP HFA dose: beclomethasone mcg equivalent dose hydrofluoroalkane, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity, Abs: absolute, Post BD: post bronchodilators, pred.: predicted, IT: Tiffenau index, RV: residual volume, DLCO: diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide, and FeNO: exhaled nitric oxide. Results are expressed as mean ±standard deviation significance vs. T0 in omalizumab: * < 0.05, ** < 0.001,*** < 0.0001, significance vs. T0 in mepolizumab: ° < 0.05, °° < 0.001, °°° < 0.0001, °°°° < 0.00001, significance vs. T0 in benralizumab: # < 0.05, ## < 0.001, ### < 0.0001, #### < 0.00001, and significance vs. T0 in dupilumab: § < 0.05, §§ < 0.001, §§§ < 0.0001,. Empty cells: not enough values for calculation.