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. 2024 Jul 27;22(8):343. doi: 10.3390/md22080343

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighting the variation in pigment content among extracts of the four Skeletonema species (Skeletonema marinoi, Skeletonema grethae, Skeletonema subsalsum, and Skeletonema menzelii) in relation to the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) measurements against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Pigment contributions to the variation between the extracts are depicted by arrows, color-coded from weak (blue) to strong (red). Pigments included are: Chl_c2 (chlorophyll c2), Chl_c1 (chlorophyll c1), Chl_a (chlorophyll a), Pp_a (pheophorbide a), Fx_cis (cis-fucoxanthin), Fx_Tr (all-trans fucoxanthin), Diad (diadinoxanthin), Diat (diatoxanthin), Viol (violaxanthin), zea (zeaxanthin), and B_Car (β, β-carotene). Black dots represent MIC and MBC variations under white light illumination conditions (25 J·cm⁻²), with labels indicating the MIC on S. epidermidis (S.epi.MIC), MBC on S. epidermidis (S.epi.MBC), MIC on S. aureus (S.aur.MIC) and MBC on S. aureus (S.aur.MBC).