Table 3.
Sensitivity and specificity of the PHQ-9, PHQ-2 and the CDQ major and other depression symdrome against a psychiatric diagnosis (current depression).
| Overall | Cameroon | Congo | Kenya | Cote d’Ivoire | Senegal | |
| Sensitivity | ||||||
| PHQ-9 ≥5 | 83.3 (71.7, 92.4) | 83.3 (35.9, 99.6) | 80.0 (44.4, 97.5) | 88.89 (51.8, 99.7) | 100 (80.5, 100) | 64.3 (35.1, 87.2) |
| PHQ-9 ≥8 | 62.5 (48.6, 75.1) | 50.0 (11.8, 88.2) | 70.0 (34.8, 93.3) | 66.7 (29.9, 92.5) | 88.2 (63.3, 98.5) | 28.6 (8.4, 58.1) |
| PHQ-9 ≥10 | 48.2 (34.7, 62.0) | 50.0 (11.8, 88.2) | 50.0 (18.7, 81.3) | 66.7 (29.9, 92.5) | 70.6 (44.0, 99.0) | 7.1 (0.2, 33.9) |
| PHQ-9 ≥12 | 33.9 (21.8, 47.8) | 33.3 (4.3, 77.7) | 50.0 (18.7, 81.3) | 55.6 (21.2, 86.3) | 35.3 (14.2, 61.7) | 7.1 (0.2, 33.9) |
| PHQ-9 ≥15 | 17.9 (8.9, 30.4) | 33.3 (4.3, 77.7) | 30.0 (6.7, 65.3) | 22.2 (2.8, 60.0) | 17.6 (3.8, 43.4) | – |
| PHQ-9 ≥18 | 10.7 (4.0, 21.9) | 33.3 (4.3, 77.7) | 10.0 (0.3, 44.5) | 11.1 (0.3, 48.3) | 11.8 (1.5, 36.4) | – |
| PHQ-9 ≥20 | 8.9 (3.0, 19.6) | 33.3 (4.3, 77.7) | 0 | 11.1 (0.3, 48.3) | 11.8 (1.5, 36.4) | – |
| PHQ-2 ≥3 | 46.3 (32.6, 60.4) | 50.0 (11.8, 88.2) | 30.0 (6.7, 65.3) | 55.6 (21.2, 86.3) | 64.7 (38.3, 85.8) | 25.0 (5.5, 57.2) |
| CDQ Major depression syndromea | 16.1 (7.2, 28.3) | 16.7 (0.4, 64.1) | 30.0 (6.7, 65.3) | 22.2 (2.8, 60.0) | 11.8 (1.5, 36.4) | 8.3 (0.2, 38.5) |
| CDQ Other depression syndromeb | 46.4 (33.0, 60.3) | 50.0 (11.8, 88.2) | 50.0 (18.7, 81.3) | 66.7 (29.9, 92.5) | 64.7 (38.3, 85.8) | 8.3 (0.2, 38.5) |
| Specificity | ||||||
| PHQ-9 ≥5 | 71.6 (68.2, 74.9) | 79.7 (74.6, 84.2) | 55.7 (46.5, 64.7) | 59.6 (48.6, 69.8) | 66.4 (57.6, 74.4) | 86.5 (77.6, 92.8) |
| PHQ-9 ≥8 | 86.3 (83.6, 88.7) | 91.8 (88.0, 94.6) | 74.6 (65.9, 82.0) | 75.3 (65.0, 83.8) | 84.7 (77.4, 90.4) | 97.8 (92.1, 99.7) |
| PHQ-9 ≥10 | 93.9 (91.9, 95.5) | 95.2 (92.1, 97.4) | 90.2 (83.5, 94.8) | 88.8 (80.3, 94.5) | 93.9 (88.3, 97.3) | 100 (95.9, 100) |
| PHQ-9 ≥12 | 96.5 (94.9, 97.8) | 96.6 (93.8, 98.7) | 94.3 (88.5, 97.7) | 95.5 (88.9, 98.8) | 97.0 (92.3, 99.2) | 100 (95.9, 100) |
| PHQ-9 ≥15 | 98.3 (97.1, 99.1) | 98.3 (96.0, 99.4) | 98.4 (94.2, 99.8) | 98.9 (93.9, 100) | 97.0 (92.3, 99.2) | 100 (95.9, 100) |
| PHQ-9 ≥18 | 99.6 (98.8, 99.9) | 99.3 (97.5, 99.9) | 99.2 (95.5, 100) | 100 (95.9, 100) | 100 (97.2, 100) | 100 (95.9, 100) |
| PHQ-9 ≥20 | 99.7 (99.0, 100) | 99.7 (98.1, 100) | 99.2 (95.5, 100) | 100 (95.9, 100) | 100 (97.2, 100) | 100 (95.9, 100) |
| PHQ-2 ≥3 | 84.1 (81.2, 86.7) | 88.3 (84.1, 91.8) | 75.4 (66.8, 82.8) | 74.2 (63.8, 82.9) | 80.9 (73.1, 87.3) | 96.6 (90.4, 99.3) |
| CDQ Major depression syndromea | 98.3 (97.1, 99.1) | 97.6 (95.1, 99.0) | 98.4 (94.2, 99.8) | 100 (95.9, 100) | 97.7 (93.5, 99,5) | 100 (95.9, 100) |
| CDQ Other depression syndromeb | 90.9 (88.5, 92.9) | 93.5 (90.0, 96.0) | 83.6 (75.8, 89.7) | 85.4 (76.3, 92.0) | 89.3 (82.7, 94.0) | 100 (95.9, 100) |
a
If an answer to Q1 or Q2 ≥2 and five or more answers to any Q3–Q9 ≥2.
b
If answer to Q1 or Q2 ≥2 and 2+ of answers to any Q3–Q9 ≥2.