Table 4.
Positive predictive value and Negative Predictive value of the PHQ-9, PHQ-2 and the CDQ major and other depression symdrome against a psychiatric diagnosis (current depression).
| Overall | Cameroon | Congo | Kenya | Cote d’Ivoire | Senegal | |
| Positive predictive values | ||||||
| PHQ-9 ≥5 | 18.0 (13.4, 23.3) | 7.8 (2.6, 17.3) | 12.9 (5.7, 23.9) | 18.2 (8.2, 32.7) | 27.9 (17.2, 40.9) | 36.8 (16.3, 61.6) |
| PHQ-9 ≥8 | 26.1 (18.9, 34.4) | 11.1 (2.4, 29.2) | 18.4 (7.7, 34.3) | 21.4 (8.3, 41.0) | 42.9 (26.3, 60.7) | 66.7 (22.3, 95.7) |
| PHQ-9 ≥10 | 38.0 (26.8, 50.3) | 17.7 (3.8, 43.3) | 29.4 (10.3, 56.0) | 37.5 (15.2, 64.6) | 60.0 (36.1, 80.9) | 100 (2.5, 100) |
| PHQ-9 ≥12 | 43.2 (28.4, 59.0) | 16.7 (2.1, 48.4) | 41.7 (15.2, 72.3) | 55.6 (21.2, 86.3) | 60.0 (26.2, 87.8) | 100 (2.5, 100) |
| PHQ-9 ≥15 | 45.5 (24.4, 67.8) | 28.6 (3.7, 71.0) | 60.0 (14.7, 94.7) | 66.7 (9.4, 99.2) | 42.9 (9.9, 81.6) | |
| PHQ-9 ≥18 | 66.7 (29.9, 92.5) | 50.0 (6.8, 93.2) | 50.0 (1.3, 98.7) | 100 (2.5, 100) | 100 (15.8, 100) | |
| PHQ-9 ≥20 | 71.4 (29.0, 96.3) | 66.7 (9.4, 99.2) | 100 (2.5, 100) | 100 (2.5, 100) | 100 (15.8, 100) | |
| PHQ-2 ≥3 | 17.9 (11.9, 25.2) | 8.1 (1.7, 21.9) | 9.1 (1.9, 24.3) | 17.9 (6.1, 36.9) | 30.6 (16.4, 48.1) | 50.0 (11.8, 88.2) |
| CDQ Major depression syndromea | 42.9 (21.8, 66.0) | 12.5 (0.3, 52.7) | 60.0 (14.7, 94.7) | 100 (15.8, 100) | 40.0 (5.3, 85.3) | 100 (2.5, 100) |
| CDQ Other depression syndromeb | 28.3 (19.4, 38.6) | 13.6 (2.9, 34.9) | 20.0 (6.8, 40.7) | 31.6 (12.6, 56.6) | 44.0 (24.4, 65.1) | 100 (2.5, 100) |
| Negative predictive values | ||||||
| PHQ-9 ≥5 | 98.3 (96.8, 99.2) | 99.6 (97.6, 100) | 97.1 (90.1, 99.7) | 98.2 (90.1, 99.9) | 100 (95.9, 100) | 93.9 (86.3, 98.0) |
| PHQ-9 ≥8 | 97.0 (95.4, 98.2) | 98.9 (96.8, 99.8) | 96.8 (91.0, 99.3) | 95.7 (88.0, 99.1) | 98.2 (93.8, 99.8) | 91.6 (84.1, 96.3) |
| PHQ-9 ≥10 | 96.2 (94.5, 97.5) | 98.9 (96.9, 99.8) | 95.7 (90.2, 98.6) | 96.3 (89.7, 99.2) | 96.1 (91.1, 98.7) | 89.0 (81.2, 94.4) |
| PHQ-9 ≥12 | 95.2 (93.4, 96.7) | 98.6 (96.5, 99.6) | 95.8 (90.5, 98.6) | 95.5 (88.9, 98.8) | 92.0 (86.2, 96.0) | 89.0 (81.2, 94.4) |
| PHQ-9 ≥15 | 94.2 (92.2, 95.7) | 98.6 (96.5, 99.6) | 94.5 (89.0, 97.8) | 92.6 (85.4, 97.0) | 90.1 (83.9, 94.5) | 88.1 (80.2, 93.7) |
| PHQ-9 ≥18 | 93.7 (91.8, 95.4) | 98.6 (96.5, 99.6) | 93.1 (87.3, 96.8) | 91.8 (84.4, 96.4) | 89.7 (83.6, 94.1) | 88.1 (80.2, 93.7) |
| PHQ-9 ≥20 | 93.6 (91.7, 95.3) | 98.6 (96.6, 99.6) | 92.4 (86.4, 96.3) | 91.8 (84.4, 96.4) | 89.7 (83.6, 94.1) | 88.1 (80.2, 93.7) |
| PHQ-2 ≥3 | 95.4 (93.5, 96.9) | 98.9 (96.7, 99.8) | 92.9 (86.0, 97.1) | 94.3 (86.0, 98.4) | 94.6 (88.7, 98.0) | 90.5 (82.8, 95.6) |
| CDQ Major depression syndromea | 94.0 (92.1, 95.6) | 98.3 (96.0, 99.4) | 94.5 (89.0, 97.8) | 92.7 (85.6, 97.0) | 89.5 (83.3, 94.0) | 89.0 (81.2, 94.4) |
| CDQ Other depression syndromeb | 95.9 (94.1, 97.3) | 98.9 (96.9, 99.8) | 95.3 (89.4, 98.5) | 96.2 (89.3, 99.2) | 95.1 (89.7, 98.2) | 89.0 (81.2, 94.4) |
a
If an answer to Q1 or Q2 ≥2 and five or more answers to any Q3–Q9 ≥2.
b
If answer to Q1 or Q2 ≥2 and 2+ of answers to any Q3–Q9 ≥2.