Table 3.
Aqueous electrolyte-based supercapacitors and their performance.
| Electrode Type | Electrolyte | Cell Voltage (V) |
Specific Capacitance (F/g) |
Energy Density (W h/kg) |
Power Density (W/kg) |
Temp. (°C) |
Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mesoporous MnO2 | 0.65 M K2SO4 | 1 | 224.88 at 1 mV/s | 24.1 | 70 | RT | [135], 2012 |
| Mesoporous MnO2 | 1 M Li2SO4 | 1 | 284.24 at 1 mV/s | 28.8 | 70 | RT | [135] |
| Mesoporous MnO2 | 1 M Na2SO4 | 1 | 278.8 at 1 mV/s | 28.4 | 70 | RT | [135] |
| MnO2 nano flowers | 1 M LiOH | 0.6 | 363 at 2 mV/s | - | - | - | [136], 2015 |
| MnO2@carbon nanofibers composites | 0.5 M Na2SO4 | 0.85 | 551 at 2 mV/s (75 1C) | - | - | 0–75 | [137], 2013 |
| AC | 0.5 M Na2SO4 | 1.6 | 135 at 0.2 A/g | 10 | - | - | [133], 2010 |
| AC | 4 M NaNO3-EG | 2 | 22.3 at 2 mV/s | 14–16 | 500 | 0–60 | [138], 2014 |
| AC | 1 M NaNO3 | 1.6 | 116 at 2 mV/s | - | - | RT | [139], 2014 |
| AC | Na2SO4/0.5 M | 1.6 | 135 at 0.2 A/g | 10 | - | - | [133] |
| AC fibers | 1 M H2SO4 | 0.9 | 280 at 0.5 A/g | - | - | RT | [140], 2014 |
| PANi-grafted rGO/AC | 1 M H2SO4 | 0.8 | 1045.51 at 0.2 A/g | 8.3 | 60,000 | - | [141], 2014 |
| Graphene/mPANi | 1 M H2SO4 | 0.7 | 749 at 0.5 A/g | 11.3 | 106.7 | - | [142], 2014 |
| PPy thin films | 0.5 M H2SO4 | 1 | 510 at 0.25 mA/cm2 | 133 | 758 | - | [143], 2014 |
| Pristine flexible PPy membrane | Solid PVA/H2SO4/EG | 0.7 | 191.7 at 0.5 A/g | 14.1 | 181.9 | RT | [144], 2021 |
Abbreviations: Temp: temperature; RT: room temperature; AC: activated carbon; PANi: polyaniline; rGO: reduced graphene oxide; PPy: polypyrrole; mPANi: mesoporous PANi film on ultra-thin graphene nanosheets; EG: ethylene glycol.