Table 3.
Characteristics of Salmonella spp. isolated from indigenous poultry in markets located in Northern Nigeria: Phenotypic profiles and genotypic markers of antimicrobial resistance, serovars, and sequence types.
| Market | Laboratory ID No | Serovar | Sample Source | Sequence Type | Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance | Antimicrobial Resistance Genes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Otukpo | 23-43794_S15 | S. Chester | Water | 411 | None | None |
| Share | 23-43796_S16 | S. Chester | Chicken | 411 | Azithromycin | None |
| Share | 23-43797_S10 | S. Chester | Chicken | 411 | None | None |
| Share | 23-43799_S11 | S. Chester | Duck | 411 | None | None |
| Share | 23-43801_S12 | S. Chester | Duck | 411 | None | None |
| Oke-Oyi | 23-43802_S13 | S. Chester | Water | 411 | None | None |
| Yandev | 23-43829_S2 | S. Isangi | Chicken | 216 | Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim | dfrA17, aadA5, aph(3′)-Ia, sul1, qnrB19 |
| Gboko | 23-43828_S1 | S. Isangi | Chicken | 216 | Chloramphenicol Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim Tetracycline |
tet(A), floR, aac(3′)-Via, dfrA15, qnrB19,dfrA17, aadA5, aadA1, sul1, aph(3′)-Ia |
| Bokkos | IFSO 23 | S. Isangi | Chicken | 216 | Chloramphenicol Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim Tetracycline |
floR, tet(A), aac(3)-Via, aadA1, dfrA15, qnrB19, sul1, aph(3′)-Ia, aadA5, dfrA17 |
| Gboko | IFSO 25 | S. Isangi | Chicken | 216 | Chloramphenicol Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim Tetracycline |
floR, tet(A), aac(3′)-Via , aadA1, dfrA15 , qnrB19, sul1, aph(3′)-Ia,, qnrB19, aadA5, dfrA17 |
| Yankaji | 23-43807_S19 | S. Agama | Chicken | 11,508 * | Ampicillin Ceftazidime |
qnrB19 |
| Kugiya | 23-43808_S20 | S. Agama | Turkey | 11,508 * | None | qnrB19 |
| Shendam | 23-43809_S21 | S. Agama | Chicken | 11,508 * | None | qnrB19 |
| Yankaji | 23-43810_S22 | S. Agama | Chicken | 11,508 * | None | qnrB19 |
| Modern market | 23-43822_S27 | S. Derby | Chicken | 9580 | None | None |
| Modern market | 23-43821_S26 | S. Derby | Chicken | 9580 | Gentamicin Ampicillin Tetracycline |
blaTEM-215, qnrS13, tet(A), aph(3″)-Ib, aph (6′)-Id, sul2, aac(3′)-Ile |
| Modern market | 23-43819_S25 | S. Derby | Water | 9580 | Gentamicin | blaTEM-215, qnrS13, tet(A), aph (3″)-Ib, aph(6′)-Id, sul2, aac(3′)-Ile |
| Mangu | 23-43786_S13 | S. Offa | Chicken | 11,457 * | None | None |
| Shendam | 23-43788_S14 | S. Offa | Chicken | 11,457 * | None | None |
| Shendam | 23-43790_S7 | S. Offa | Duck | 11,457 * | None | None |
| Yankaji | 23-43804_S17 | S. Widemarsh | Chicken | 11,452 * | Cefotaxime | None |
| Shendam | 23-43805_S18 | S. Widemarsh | Chicken | 11,452 * | None | None |
| Yankaji | 23-43780_S11 | S. Give | Chicken | 516 | Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim Tetracycline Ceftazidime |
dfrA1, tet(A), sul3, qnrS1, aadA1 |
| Ipata | 23-43783_S12 | S. Give | Chicken | 516 | None | None |
| Wurukum | 23-437825_S28 | S. Orion | Chicken | 11,455 * | None | None |
| Wurukum | 23-43827_S29 | S. Orion | Chicken | 11,455 * | None | None |
| Mangu | 23-43813_S23 | S. Saintpaul | Chicken | 11,456 * | None | fosA7 |
| Mangu | 23-43815_S24 | S. Saintpaul | Chicken | 11,456 * | None | fosA7 |
| Gboko | 23-43833_S3 | S. Laredo | Chicken | 11,458 * | None | None |
| Yandev | 23-43834_S4 | S. Laredo | Chicken | 11,458 * | None | None |
| Mangu | 23-43791_S8 | MVST | Chicken | 19 | None | None |
| Modern Market | 23-43793_S9 | MVST | Chicken | 11,459 * | Ampicillin Tetracycline |
fosA7 |
| Wurukum | 23-43836_S5 | S. Luedinghausen | Chicken | 11,453 * | None | None |
| Sango | 23-43848_S10 | S. Kingston | Chicken | 3670 | None | None |
| Bokkos | 23-43856_S4 | S. Vom | Chicken | 11,451 * | None | None |
| Ipata | 23-43853_S2 | S. Larochelle | Chicken | 22 | None | None |
| Oja-Oba | 23-43851_S1 | S. Telelkebir | Chicken | 3326 | None | None |
| Oke-Oyi | 23-43854_S3 | S. Durham | Chicken | 2010 | Azithromycin | None |
| Yandev | 23-43844_S8 | S. Bareilly | Chicken | 11,450 * | None | None |
| Share | 23-43847_S9 | S. Typhimurium | Chicken | 513 | None | fosA7 |
| Otukpo | 23-43839_S6 | S. Linguere | Chicken | 11,454 * | Tetracycline | None |
| Gboko | 23-43842_S7 | S. Lansing | Chicken | 8706 | None | fosA7 |
| Modern Market | 23-43857_S5 | S. 6,7:c− | Chicken | 11,513 * | None | None |
| Wurukum | 23-43858_S6 | S.6,7:a− | Chicken | 11,453 * | None | None |
MVST: Monophasic Variant of Salmonella enterica subsp enterica Typhimurium. S. 6,7:c−: Salmonella enterica subsp enterica 6,7:c−. S. 6,7: a−: Salmonella enterica subsp enterica 6,7:a−. * New sequence types identified in this study.