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(a) ECL-EC aptasensor based on PoPD/Ru-Au for AOH detection; (b) Ag@Cu2O-engineered EC-SERS aptasensor for TTX detection, adapted with permission from Ref. [113]. 2024, Elsevier; (c) The detection of T-2 by the FL-FP split aptasensor; (d) Detection mechanism of three subtypes of AF.
