Table 1.
General characteristics of participants.
| Characteristics | Total Participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Migraine (n, %) | Control (n, %) | Standardized Difference | |
| Total number | 38,957 (100.0) | 155,828 (100.0) | |
| Age (years old) | 0.00 | ||
| 40–44 | 449 (1.15) | 1796 (1.15) | |
| 45–49 | 3736 (9.59) | 14,944 (9.59) | |
| 50–54 | 6092 (15.64) | 24,368 (15.64) | |
| 55–59 | 6665 (17.11) | 26,660 (17.11) | |
| 60–64 | 5988 (15.37) | 23,952 (15.37) | |
| 65–69 | 6048 (15.52) | 24,192 (15.52) | |
| 70–74 | 5024 (12.90) | 20,096 (12.90) | |
| 75–79 | 3129 (8.03) | 12,516 (8.03) | |
| 80–84 | 1399 (3.59) | 5596 (3.59) | |
| 85+ | 427 (1.10) | 1708 (1.10) | |
| Sex | 0.00 | ||
| Male | 13,494 (34.64) | 53,976 (34.64) | |
| Female | 25,463 (65.36) | 101,852 (65.36) | |
| Income | 0.00 | ||
| 1 (lowest) | 7284 (18.70) | 29,136 (18.70) | |
| 2 | 5435 (13.95) | 21,740 (13.95) | |
| 3 | 6329 (16.25) | 25,316 (16.25) | |
| 4 | 8107 (20.81) | 32,428 (20.81) | |
| 5 (highest) | 11,802 (30.29) | 47,208 (30.29) | |
| Region of residence | 0.00 | ||
| Urban | 15,307 (39.29) | 61,228 (39.29) | |
| Rural | 23,650 (60.71) | 94,600 (60.71) | |
| Weight status † | 0.07 | ||
| Underweight | 935 (2.40) | 3922 (2.52) | |
| Normal | 13,868 (35.60) | 55,818 (35.82) | |
| Overweight | 10,543 (27.06) | 41,788 (26.82) | |
| Obese I | 12,379 (31.78) | 48,938 (31.41) | |
| Obese II | 1232 (3.16) | 5362 (3.44) | |
| Smoking status | 0.03 | ||
| Non-smoker | 30,883 (79.27) | 121,898 (78.23) | |
| Past smoker | 2297 (5.90) | 9440 (6.06) | |
| Current smoker | 5777 (14.83) | 24,490 (15.72) | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.03 | ||
| <1 time a week | 31,602 (81.12) | 124,345 (79.80) | |
| ≥1 time a week | 7355 (18.88) | 31,483 (20.20) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mean, SD) (mmHg) | 125.66 (16.25) | 126.71 (17.03) | 0.06 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mean, SD) (mmHg) | 77.40 (10.41) | 77.83 (10.67) | 0.04 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mean, SD) (mg/dL) | 98.96 (25.87) | 100.85 (29.26) | 0.07 |
| Total cholesterol (mean, SD) (mg/dL) | 199.61 (38.44) | 199.61 (38.51) | 0.00 |
| Hemoglobin (mean, SD) (g/dL) | 13.48 (1.43) | 13.49 (1.46) | 0.01 |
| CCI score (mean, SD) | 1.02 (1.61) | 0.95 (1.67) | 0.04 |
| Migraines with/without aura | |||
| Migraines with aura (n, %) | 3643 (9.35) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Migraines without aura (n, %) | 35,314 (90.65) | 0 (0.0) | |
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; SD, standard deviation. † Obesity (BMI, body mass index, kg/m2) was categorized as <18.5 (underweight), ≥18.5 to <23 (normal), ≥23 to <25 (overweight), ≥25 to <30 (obese I), and ≥30 (obese II).