Table 2.

Occurrence and concentrations of the most commonly detected PPCPs in different matrices from different countries (2010–present).

PPCPs	Classification	Occurrence	Concentration	Country	Ref.
Pharmaceuticals
Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin	Antibiotics	WWTP influent	1000–2200 ng/L	Italy	[31]
Ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole	Antibiotics	Wastewater influent	570–1200 ng/L	Canada	[32]
Ciprofloxacin	Antibiotic	Biosolids	6500 ng/g	Canada	[32]
Amoxicillin	Antibiotics	STP	172 ng/L	India	[33]
Ketoprofen, diclofenac, and indomethacin	Analgesic/NSAIDs	Sludge	4.4–77 ng/g	Japan	[34]
Sulfapyridine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, and three sulfonamide acetylated metabolites	Antibiotics	WWTP (effluent and influent)	3–124 ng/L	China	[35]
Metoprolol, atenolol, betaxolol, Sotalol, Pindolol, and Nadolol	β-blocker	Hospital wastewater	3.4–6700 ng/L	Italy	[31]
Atenolol and carbamazepine	β-blocker, antibiotics	Soil	0.1–64.6 ng/g	Spain	[36]
Tramadol, ofloxacin, gemfibrozil, atenolol, caffeine, and cetirizine	Analgesic, antibiotics, lipid regulator, β-blocker, stimulant and antihistamine	Irrigation water	1100–4400 ng/L	Spain	[37]
Tramadol, cetirizine, and clarithromycin	Analgesic, antihistamine and antibiotics	Soil	12.7–14.6 ng/g	Spain	[37]
Estrone, 17b-estradiol, estriol, 2-hydroxyestrone, 16α-hydroxyestrone, 4-hydroxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 4- hydroxyestradiol, 17-epiestriol, 16keto-estradiol, and 16-epiestriol	Steroidal hormones	WWTP (effluent and influent)	n.d.–62.9 ng/L	China	[38]
		River water	n.d.–51.7 ng/L
Atenolol, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, ranitidine	β-blocker, Antibiotics and antihistamine	WWTP (effluent and influent)	34–3585 ng/L	Saudi Arabia	[39]
Metformin and acetaminophen	Antihyperglycemic and analgesic	Sea water	<LOQ–>3000 ng/L	Saudi Arabia	[40]
Personal care products (PCPs)
3-Benzophenone galaxolide and tonalide	UVA/UVB filters, Synthetic fragrances	Irrigation water	1200–18,900 ng/L	Spain	[37]
Galaxolide	Fragrances	Soil	2.8 ng/g	Spain	[37]
Galaxolide and tonalide	Fragrances	Sediment	2.39–52.5 ng/g	Brazil	[41]
Oxybenzone, triclosan, and triclocarban	UV filters and disinfectants	Wastewater (effluent and influent) and sludge	n.d.–8880 ng/L	India	[42]
Triclosan and parabens	Disinfectants and preservatives	Surface water and sediment	n.d.–5160 ng/L	India	[43]
Triclocarban and triclosan	Disinfectants	Biosolids	12,640–36,060 ng/g	USA	[44]
Triclosan and triclocarban	Disinfectants	Biosolids	2900–6800 ng/g	Canada	[32]
Benzotriazole and methyl benzotriazol	UV filters	Groundwater	267–1980 ng/L	Spain	[45]
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC)	Disinfectants	Biosolids	760–22,588 ng/g	USA	[46]
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC)	Disinfectants	Soils	2.8–221 ng/g
Diethyltoluamide	Insect repellent	Surface water	1.4–527 ng/L	Singapore	[47]
Tonalide, galaxolide	Fragrances	Groundwater	1–50 ng/L	France	[48,49]
Musk ambrette, musk ketone, and musk xylen			209–1304 ng/L

n.d.: Not detected; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs.