Table 1.

Effect of quercetin on the excitable tissue in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Types of Ion Channels	Tissues (naïve/inflamed)	Effect of Quercetin	References
in vitro
● ASICs	Central vestibular neuron (Naïve)	Inhibition	Mukhopadhyay et al. [17]
● Nav	Cardiac myocyte (Naïve)	Inhibition	Wallace et al. [13]
● Kv	Arterial smooth muscle (Naïve)	Facilitation	Hou et al. [15]
● Cav	Arterial smooth muscle (Naïve)	Inhibition	Hou et al. [15]
	Cultured cells (naïve/inflamed)	Inhibition	Ali et al. [37]
Neuronal Excitability/ Nociceptive Behavior	Tissues (naïve/inflamed)	Effect of Quercetin	References
in vivo
● Noxious Stimulation induced discharge frequency	TG neuron (Naïve)	Inhibition (quercetin = lidocaine)	Toyota et al. [19]
	TG neuron (Inflamed)	Inhibition (quercetin > lidocaine)	Sashide et al. [20]
● Hyperalgesia (nociceptive reflex)	DRG neuron (Inflamed)	Inhibition	Gadotti et al. [38]
	DRG neuron (Inflamed)	Inhibition	Ali et al. [37]

ASICs = acid-sensing ion channels, Nav = voltage-gated sodium channel, Kv = voltage-gated potassium channel, Cav = voltage-gated calcium channels, TG = Trigeminal ganglion, DRG = dorsal root ganglion, = and >: The potency of inhibition.