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. 2024 Jul 27;17(8):993. doi: 10.3390/ph17080993

Table 2.

Bioactive metabolites in Halodule uninervis.

Extract Analytical Methods Main Results Compounds Reference
Methanolic extract of the leaves HPLC 8 phenolic compounds, 3 flavonoids, and 12 fatty acids
  • -

    Phenolic compounds: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, propyl gallate, and syringic acid.

  • -

    Flavonoids: apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, and naringenin.

  • -

    Fatty acids: 13-Methylmyristic acid, α-Linoleic acid, Arachidic acid, Eicosatrienoic acid, Isoheptadecanoic acid, Lauric acid, Lignoceric acid, Linoleic acid, Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Palmitoleic acid, and Stearic acid

 [15]
Ethanolic extract of the root and shoot parts HPLC 10 phenolic compounds and 9 flavonoids
  • -

    Phenolic compounds: 4-aminobenzoic acid, 3-OH tyrosol, benzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechol, coumarin, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and pyrogallol

  • -

    Flavonoids: apigenin, apigenin 7-glucose, kaempferol, kaempferol-coumaroyl glucoside, naringin, naringenin, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, rutin.

 [57]
Ethanolic extract of the leaves LC-MS/MS 4 phenolic compounds and 12 flavonoids
  • -

    Phenolic compounds: dihydroxybenzoic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid.

  • -

    Flavonoids: acacetin, apigenin, apigenin glucoside, diosmetin, diosmetin glucoside, kaempferol, kaempferol coumaroyl-glucoside, kaempferol glucoside, kaempferol pentoside, quercetin coumaroyl-glucoside, quercetin glucoside, and quercetin pentoside.

[56]