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. 2024 Jul 27;17(8):993. doi: 10.3390/ph17080993

Table 4.

The antimicrobial activities of Halodule uninervis.

Extract Dose Experimental Model Main Results Reference
Methanolic extract of the leaves 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm
  • -

    Method: Agar disk diffusion

  • -

    Microorganisms: Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes
  • -

    Good antibacterial activity.

  • -

    More effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

 [14]
Aqueous extract of the leaves N/A
  • -

    Method: Agar disk diffusion

  • -

    Microorganisms: B. subtilis, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • -

    Good activity only against P. aeruginosa.

[63]
Extract of the leaves in organic solvents (chloroform, ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether) N/A
  • -

    Method: Agar disk diffusion

  • -

    Microorganisms: B. subtilis, S. aureus, M. luteus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa
  • -

    Ethanolic extract exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity.

  • -

    Highest level of inhibition against P. aeruginosa.

 [63]
Ethanolic extract 10 mg/mL
  • -

    Method: Agar disk diffusion

  • -

    Microorganisms: Micrococcus sp., Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Grotricum candidum, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Penicillium marnefeii, Cryptococcus neoformas
  • -

    Good activity against B. cereus Gram-positive bacteria.

  • -

    Good activity against P. vulgaris Gram-negative bacteria.

  • -

    Good activity against C. neoformas fungi.

 [55]
Extract of the leaves or roots in methanol, dichloromethane, and hexane 100 mg/mL
  • -

    Method: Agar disk diffusion

  • -

    Microorganisms: Salmonella typhi
  • -

    Strong antimicrobial activity.

  • -

    Hexane extract (leaves and roots) showed the highest activity.

  • -

    Root extract in dichloromethane showed an inhibitory activity.

  • -

    Leaf extract in methanol exhibited antibacterial activity.

[64]
H. uninervis-synthesized AgNPs 1 25, 50, 100 ppm
  • -

    Method: Agar disk diffusion

  • -

    Microorganisms: B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae, S. typhi
  • -

    Good antibacterial properties.

  • -

    Strongest inhibitory activity was against B. subtilis.

 [65]

1 Silver nanoparticles.