Table 6.

The anticancer activities of Halodule uninervis.

Extract	Dose	Experimental Model	Observations	References
Ethyl acetate extract	25, 50, and 100 mg/mL	-Method: MTT 1 assay, AO/EtBr staining, DNA fragmentation assay -Cells: A375, A549, HeLa, HT29.	-Concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability against all tested cell lines. -Highest activity against A549 cell line via the induction of apoptosis. -Treated cells exhibited morphological changes including shrinkage, distortion, and rounded.	[16]
Methanol/chloroform extract	100–1000 mg/mL	-Method: SRB 2 assay. -Cells: MCF-7, DU-145, HeLa, SKOV-3), PANC-1.	-Only the crude extract showed a potent cytotoxicity against SKOV-3 cell (IC50 0.52 mg/mL) -Crude extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 2.30 mg/mL) among other treatments.	[15]
Chloroform fraction	100–1000 mg/mL	-Method: SRB assay. -Cells: MCF-7, DU-145, HeLa, SKOV-3), PANC-1.	-Activity against DU-145 and PANC-1 cells.	[15]
FAs content	100–1000 mg/mL	-Method: SRB assay. -Cells: MCF-7, DU-145, HeLa, SKOV-3), PANC-1.	-Activity against DU-145 and HeLa cells.	[15]
USM 3 content	100–1000 mg/mL	-Method: SRB assay. -Cells: MCF-7, DU-145, HeLa, SKOV-3), PANC-1.	-Activity only against MCF-7 cells.	[15]
Ethanolic extract of the leaves	100 and 200 μg/mL	-Method: proliferation assays (MTT and cell cycle analysis), cancer phenotype assay (migration, invasion, aggregation, and adhesion), and in ovo assay. -Cells: MDA-MB-231.	-Dose- and time-dependent decrease in proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and activating apoptosis. -Attenuation of cancer metastasis by inhibiting cell migration, invasion, adhesion, aggregation, and angiogenesis. -Downregulation of STAT3 signaling pathway.	[56]

¹ 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; ² Sulforhodamine B; ³ Unsaponifiable matter.