Table 3.
The indices of inflammation (pre) and after (post) LFD in IBS-D patients as a whole group and subgroups according to their normal (N-FZ) or high (H-FZ) fecal zonulin levels at baseline.
| Total Pre (n = 38) |
Total Post (n = 38) |
p | N-FZ Pre (n = 20) |
N-FZ Post (n = 20) |
p | H-FZ Pre (n = 18) |
H-FZ Post (n = 18) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 5.31 ± 0.14 | 5.02 ± 0.12 | 0.021 | 5.14 ± 0.20 | 5.02 ± 0.19 | ns | 5.5 ± 0.19 | 5.02 ± 0.16 | 0.016 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 4.53 ± 0.39 | 4.12 ± 0.15 | ns | 4.03 ± 0.15 | 3.97 ± 0.12 | ns | 5.08 ± 0.79 | 4.13 ± 0.29 | 0.0045 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 2.85 ± 0.04 | 2.79 ± 0.04 | ns | 2.77 ± 0.04 | 2.72 ± 0.04 | ns | 2.91 ± 0.06 | 2.91 ± 0.08 | ns |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 3.63 ± 0.14 | 3.64 ± 0.18 | ns | 3.44 ± 0.11 | 3.44 ± 0.13 | ns | 3.85 ± 0.27 | 3.86 ± 0.35 | ns |
LFD = low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet; IL-6 = Interleukin-6; IL-8 = Interleukin-8, IL-10 = Interleukin-10, and TNF-α = Tumor Necrosis Factor- α. Data are reported as the means ± SEM; the p-value was determined by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test comparing data from before and after treatment. The two subgroups were compared both before and after the diet using the Mann–Whitney test. No differences in the inflammatory profile were found between the N-FZ and H-FZ subgroups both before or after the LFD.; A p < 0.05 differences were considered significant; ns = not significant.