Table 3.

Linear regression analysis and multivariate backward elimination regression analysis showing the relationship between resilience and clinical, psychological, and socio-demographic factors.

Variable	Univariate Regression Analysis Coefficient (95% CI)	p-Value *	Multivariate Analysis Coefficient (95%CI) **	p-Value *
Gender		0.02		0.59
Male	0 (reference)		0 (reference)
Female	−4.26 (−7.80, −0.73)		−0.75 (−3.47, 1.98)
Age at enrolment (years)	0.13 (0.03–0.23)	0.01	0.01 (−0.07, 0.09)	0.79
Clinical pattern at diagnosis
Classical	0 (reference)	-
Non-classical	−0.32 (−4.78–4.14)	0.89
Silent	−3.66 (−12.31–4.99)	0.41
Disease duration (years)	0.11 (−0.04–0.27)	0.15
Educational level		1.00
No academic degree	0 (reference)
Academic degree	0.00 (−3.19–3.19)
Marital status		0.02		0.34
Stable relationship	0 (reference)		0 (reference)
No stable relationship	−4.06 (−7.35, −0.76)		−1.31 (−4.05, 1.41)
Persistent symptoms despite a GFD	−2.46 (−6.02–1.11)	0.18
Membership of the Italian Coeliac Association	−1.38 (−4,73–1.97)	0.42
Good GFD adherence	4.09 (−2.69–10.88)	0.24
CD-QOL	0.35 (0.23–0.46)	<0.001	0.04 (−0.06, 0.15)	0.40
STAI-Y1	−0.62 (−073,−0.51)	<0.001	−0.88 (−0.25, 0.08)	0.31
STAI-Y2	−0.83 (−0.93, −0.72)	<0.001	−0.98 (−1.14, −0.81)	<0.001
BDI	−0.69 (−0.85, −0.54)	<0.001	0.23 (0.03–0.44)	0.02

GFD: gluten-free diet adherence. * p-value <0.05 for significance. ** Backward elimination multivariate regression analysis.