Table 1.
Patient characteristics, by phenotype
| Overall (n = 100)a | DRESS (n = 50) | SJS/TEN (n = 39) | AGEP (n = 10) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participating site region/state | ||||
| Victoria | 82 (82%) | 40 (80%) | 34 (87%) | 7 (70%) |
| New South Wales | 9 (9%) | 4 (8%) | 2 (5%) | 3 (30%) |
| South Australia | 6 (6%) | 3 (6%) | 3 (8%) | 0 (0%) |
| Northern Territory | 3 (3%) | 3 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Sex (n, % female) | 50 (50%) | 22 (44%) | 23 (59%) | 4 (40%) |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 52 (37.5, 66) | 49 (36, 63) | 58 (43, 69) | 47 (33, 62) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Oceanian (including Australian and New Zealand) | 5 (5%) | 2 (4%) | 3 (8%) | 0 (0%) |
| Australian Aboriginal | 3 (3%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Melanesian and Papuan | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Polynesian | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| North-West European | 34 (34%) | 16 (32%) | 15 (38%) | 3 (30%) |
| Southern and Eastern European | 10 (10%) | 7 (14%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (10%) |
| European unknown (Caucasian) | 18 (18%) | 9 (18%) | 5 (13%) | 4 (40%) |
| North African and Middle Eastern | 2 (2%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| South-east Asian | 11 (11%) | 4 (8%) | 5 (13%) | 2 (20%) |
| North-east Asian | 5 (5%) | 2 (4%) | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Southern and Central Asian | 12 (12%) | 7 (14%) | 5 (13%) | 0 (0%) |
| American (north, central, south) | 3 (3%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Admitting Ward | ||||
| General medical | 52 (52%) | 32 (64%) | 13 (33%) | 6 (60%) |
| General surgical | 7 (7%) | 5 (10%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (10%) |
| Emergency | 3 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (10%) |
| Intensive Care Unit | 13 (13%) | 3 (6%) | 9 (23%) | 1 (10%) |
| Burn unit | 10 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (26%) | 0 (0%) |
| Otherb | 15 (15%) | 9 (18%) | 5 (13%) | 1 (10%) |
| ICU admit during admission for SCAR | 28 (28%) | 10 (20%) | 17 (44%) | 1 (10%) |
| Burn unit required during admission | 18 (18%) | 1 (2%) | 17 (44%) | 0 (0%) |
| Any prior immune-mediated drug allergy | 21 (21%) | 9 (18%) | 9 (23%) | 2 (20%) |
| Prior immune-mediated non-antibiotic drug allergy | 11 (11%) | 6 (12%) | 4 (10%) | 0 (0%) |
| Type of prior non-antibiotic allergy | ||||
| Aspirin/NSAID/paracetamol | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Antiepileptic | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Otherc | 7 (7%) | 5 (10%) | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
| Prior immune-mediated antibiotic allergy | 19 (19%) | 8 (16%) | 8 (21%) | 2 (20%) |
| Number of different immune-mediated antibiotic allergies | ||||
| Single | 14 (14%) | 6 (12%) | 6 (15%) | 1 (10%) |
| Multiple | 4 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (10%) |
| N/A | 82 (82%) | 43 (86%) | 31 (79%) | 8 (80%) |
| Type of prior immune-mediated antibiotic allergy | ||||
| Penicillin allergy | 13 (13%) | 6 (12%) | 6 (15%) | 1 (10%) |
| Beta-lactam (non-penicillin) allergy | 7 (7%) | 3 (6%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (10%) |
| Sulfonamide allergy | 3 (3%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Age adjusted CCI, median (IQR) | 2 (0, 4.5) | 2 (0, 4) | 3 (0, 6) | 1.5 (0, 3) |
| Immunocompromisedd | 38 (38%) | 18 (36%) | 17 (44%) | 3 (30%) |
| Time in days from index rash to admission at participating site (median, IQR) | 5.5 (3, 13) (n = 98) | 8.5 (4, 17.5) (n = 48) | 5 (3, 11) | 3.5 (2, 5) |
| Resolution of rash <15 days | 25 (25%) | 11 (22%) | 8 (21%) | 6 (60%) |
Abbreviations: AGEP, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis; SJS, Stevens Johnson Syndrome; TEN, toxic epidermal necrolysis; DRESS, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; ATSI, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders; IQR, interquartile range; CCI, age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
A single patient of GBFDE (generalized bullous fixed drug eruption) was included in the total cohort but data for the single case are not represented.
Antibiotic Allergy (n = 1), Critical Care Unit (CCU) (n = 1), Cardiology (n = 1), Hospital in the Home (HITH) (n = 1), Haematology (n = 4), Oncology (n = 3), Neurology (n = 1), Orthopaedic (n = 1).
Contrast (n = 1), contrast/tramadol (n = 1), contrast/arsenic (n = 1), olanzapine/quetiapine/hydroxychloroquine (n = 1), Jumper Jack ant (n = 1), lenalidomide (n = 1), perindopril/atorvastatin/rosuvastatin (n = 1).
Immunocompromised – Cancer or haematological malignancy, transplant recipient, autoimmune or inflammatory condition, HIV, splenectomy.