Table 3.

Mean differences of parents’ and children’s outcomes at 8 and 14 weeks within and between groups.

Variables	Intervention (n = 52)				Control (n = 51)				Change from baseline between groups
	After intervention (8 weeks-baseline)		Change from baseline (14 weeks-baseline)		After intervention (8 weeks-baseline)		Change from baseline (14 weeks-baseline)
	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p	Mean (SD)	p	p
PSOC
Perceived valuing/comfort	− 0.48 (4.76)	0.499	0.69 (6.52)	0.469	1.31 (5.80)	0.112	0.86 (4.97)	0.227	0.883
Skill/knowledge	− 0.37 (3.44)	0.470	0.96 (3.53)	0.066	0.63 (3.96)	0.263	0.58 (3.57)	0.256	0.599
Total score	− 0.85 (6.19)	0.358	1.65 (8.35)	0.178	1.94 (6.94)	0.051	1.44 (6.27)	0.111	0.890
PSS	1.00 (6.40)	0.295	0.46 (7.24)	0.663	1.31 (6.37)	0.147	0.04 (6.32)	0.965	0.761
PSDQ
Authoritative	0.04 (0.37)	0.445	0.16 (0.37)	0.005*	0.06 (0.34)	0.189	0.15 (0.42)	0.017*	0.853
Authoritarian	0.00 (0.27)	0.964	0.00 (0.29)	0.967	− 0.00 (0.28)	0.966	0.00 (0.24)	> 0.999	0.974
Permissive	− 0.03 (0.48)	0.667	− 0.03 (0.49)	0.724	0.00 (0.49)	> 0.999	− 0.16 (0.47)	0.020*	0.173
Positive parenting score	0.07 (0.76)	0.533	0.18 (0.82)	0.129	0.07 (0.83)	0.573	0.31 (0.88)	0.018*	0.485
SDQ
Prosocial	0.11 (1.39)	0.597	0.21 (1.41)	0.312	− 0.02 (1.67)	0.933	0.18 (1.55)	0.415	0.925
Emotional	− 0.22 (1.35)	0.280	− 0.44 (1.38)	0.033*	− 0.31 (1.18)	0.062	− 0.30 (1.04)	0.046*	0.578
Conduct	0.09 (0.96)	0.543	0.02 (1.18)	0.903	0.06 (0.95)	0.659	− 0.16 (1.13)	0.322	0.440
Attention	0.00 (1.49)	> 0.999	− 0.06 (1.69)	0.799	− 0.02 (1.46)	0.924	0.40 (1.21)	0.024*	0.122
Friendship	− 0.07 (1.27)	0.730	− 0.21 (1.52)	0.346	0.14 (1.52)	0.523	− 0.04 (1.63)	0.863	0.598
Total difficulties score	− 0.20 (3.32)	0.692	− 0.69 (4.17)	0.259	− 0.14 (3.23)	0.763	− 0.10 (3.32)	0.832	0.442

*p < 0.05.

PSOC Parenting Sense of Competence, PSS Parental Stress Scale, PSDQ Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.