Table 1.

Definition of some covariates used in the study

Variables	Question/measurement tool	Category
Childhood and distal Socio-demographic factors
ACEs	WHO Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). The total number of Adverse Childhood Experiences was defined as answering yes to: When you were growing up, during your first 18 years of life, (i) Did you live with a household member who was a problem drinker or alcoholic, or misused street or prescription drugs? (ii) Did you live with a household member who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal? (iii) Did you live with a household member who was ever sent to jail or prison? (iv) Were your parents ever separated or divorced? (v) Did your mother, father or guardian die? (vi) Did you witness violence in the home (ACE 4.6, 4.7, 4.8) (vii) Did you experience emotional violence (ACE 5.1, 5.2) (viii) Did you experience physical violence (ACE 5.3, 5.4) (ix) Did you experience sexual violence (ACE 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8) (x) Did you experience community violence (ACE 7.1–7.3) (xi) (ACE 8.1–8.4) (xii) Did you ever live on the streets? [8]	Ordered categorical variable (each ACE scores one point): < 4, 5–8, 9–12 [8]
Age at first sex	How old were you when you first had penile insertive vaginal sex with a male partner?	< / = 15, 16–17, 18 +
Socio-economic status (SES)	14 household asset questions used in the Kenyan Demographic Health Surveys	Principle component analysis (PCA) used to compute household SES: Lower/lower middle, middle, upper middle/upper
Proximal Socio-demographic factors
Number of household dependants	“Not including yourself, how many people living in your household are dependent on your income?”	0, 1, 2 +
Recent hunger	Thinking now about the past 7 days, have you or anyone in your family skipped a meal because there was not enough food?	No vs Yes
Current social support	Do you have someone who you can talk to about your problems?	Yes/sometimes vs No