Table 1.

Selenium (Se) content in dried leaves and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) in fresh leaves according to different strategies of multi-nutrient fertilizer application containing Se.

Treatment	Se (mg kg−1)	MDA (nmol MDA g−1 of FM)	H2O2 (nmol H2O2 g−1 of FM)	SOD (U SOD min−1 g−1 of FM)	CAT (nmol H2O2 min−1 mg−1 of FM)	APX (nmol ASA g−1 of FM min−1)	POD (nmol Tetraguaiacol g of FM −1 min−1)
T1	2.4 ± 0.3 b	17.5 ± 1.4	804 ± 100 a	166 ± 2	909 ± 80	1014 ± 54	2090 ± 330 c
T2	2.9 ± 0.4 b	13.4 ± 1.6	829 ± 121 a	163 ± 1	905 ± 34	998 ± 92	3231 ± 352 b
T3	4.8 ± 0.5 b	16.4 ± 1.8	558 ± 88 ab	160 ± 2	864 ± 49	1173 ± 48	1939 ± 488 c
T4	10.2 ± 0.5 a	18.2 ± 1.3	464 ± 106 b	159 ± 2	812 ± 55	979 ± 20	1001 ± 377 d
T5	11.5 ± 0.5 a	16.6 ± 1.8	343 ± 86 b	159 ± 2	966 ± 60	1053 ± 36	3554 ± 287 a
p-value	0.001	0.344 NS	0.014 *	0.140 NS	0.152 NS	0.553 NS	0.003 NS

FM: fresh mass. T1: Control (without application of multi-nutrient fertilizer (MNF)); T2: Application at the beginning of flowering (2 kg ha⁻¹ of MNF providing 5 g of Se ha⁻¹); T3: Application at the beginning of flowering +3rd bunch (4 kg ha⁻¹ of MNF providing 10 g of Se ha⁻¹); T4: Application at the beginning of flowering +6th bunch (4 kg ha⁻¹ of MNF providing 10 g of Se ha⁻¹); T5: Application at the beginning of flowering +3rd bunch +6th bunch (6 kg ha⁻¹ of MNF providing 15 g of Se ha⁻¹). ^NS: statistically non-significant (p > 0.05); *: statistically significant (p < 0.05). Means with standard error within each treatment group that shares the same letter in each column are not considered statistically different according to the Duncan test (p > 0.05).