Table 1.
PSS patients characteristics at baseline.
| Overall PSS (n = 2190) |
BoNT-A (n = 559) |
non-BoNT-A (n = 1631) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| General Characteristics | |||
| Demographics | |||
| Gender, male | 1140 (52.1) | 245 (43.8) | 895 (54.9) |
| Age, years | 69 (57, 79) | 64 (53, 74) | 71 (59, 81) |
| CVD risk factors | 1549 (70.7) | 307 (54.9) | 1242 (76.1) |
| Hypertension | 1319 (85.2) | 244 (79.5) | 1075 (86.6) |
| Dyslipidemia | 918 (59.3) | 177 (57.7) | 741 (59.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 611 (39.4) | 106 (34.5) | 505 (40.7) |
| Obesity | 263 (17.0) | 58 (18.9) | 205 (16.5) |
| Comorbidities | 995 (45.4) | 178 (31.8) | 817 (50.1) |
| Valvulopathies | 546 (54.9) | 101 (56.7) | 445 (54.4) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 438 (44.0) | 57 (32.0) | 381 (46.6) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 147 (14.8) | 37 (20.8) | 110 (13.5) |
| Transient ischemic attack | 132 (13.3) | 25 (14.0) | 107 (13.1) |
| Atherosclerosis | 93 (9.3) | 11 (6.2) | 82 (10.0) |
| Stroke characteristics * | |||
| Stroke etiology & | 1826 (83.4) | 435 (77.8) | 1391 (85.2) |
| Ischemic | 1154 (63.2) | 261 (60.0) | 893 (64.2) |
| Hemorrhagic | 672 (36.8) | 174 (40.0) | 498 (35.8) |
| Vascular territory & | 576 (26.3) | 110 (19.6) | 466 (28.5) |
| Middle cerebral artery | 420 (72.9) | 84 (76.4) | 336 (72.1) |
| Internal carotid artery | 102 (17.7) | 16 (14.5) | 86 (18.5) |
| Posterior circulation | 34 (5.9) | 7 (6.4) | 27 (5.8) |
| Anterior cerebral artery | 20 (3.5) | 3 (2.7) | 17 (3.6) |
| Stroke sequelae & | 1331 (60.7) | 280 (50.0) | 1051 (64.4) |
| Hemiparesis | 598 (45.0) | 130 (46.4) | 468 (44.5) |
| Hemiplegia | 593 (44.5) | 120 (42.9) | 473 (45.0) |
| Others | 302 (22.7) | 60 (21.4) | 242 (23.0) |
| Time from stroke to spasticity, days # | 205 (32, 615) | 344 (121, 835) | 173 (23, 544) |
BoNT-A: botulinum neurotoxin type A. CVD: cardiovascular disease. The denominator of percentages of the subcategories in bold is based on the N of the overall sample—patients treated with BoNT-A and patients not treated with BoNT-A. The denominator of percentages in indented rows is based on the N of the parent category. Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies n (%), and numerical data are expressed as median (Q1, Q3). Data were extracted and analyzed considering all available information from the first hospital report to one month post index date. * In some cases where categories are non-exclusive, patients have more than one feature, so the sum of patients might add up to more than 100%. When two exclusive categories were detected, rules were used to assign the broadest (extension) or the most severe (plegia) categories. No cases of triparesis or triplegia were detected. & The data reflect the number (n) and percentage (%) of patients with available information for this variable. # Time from stroke to spasticity onset was calculated for 957 patients (196 BoNT-A, 761 non-BoNT-A), including only those with stroke before the first spasticity mention.