Table 3-1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Research | Type of Research | Nation | Sample Size | severity of the disease* | complications | Medications | Outcome | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pirjani R;2020 [16] | prospective cohort study | Iran | Infected pregnant women: 66 VS Non-infected pregnant women: 133 |
②: 62/66 (93.94%), ③: 4/66 (6.06%) |
GDM, Preeclampsia, PROM |
Chloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, Oseltamivir |
PB, Delivery type, LBW, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
A significant difference was found in term of delivery type |
| Adhikari EH;2020 [17] | observational cohort study | America | Infected pregnant women: 245 VS Non-infected pregnant women: 3035 |
①: 107/252 (42.46%), ②: 142/252 (56.35%), ③: 3/252 (1.19%) |
GDM, Preeclampsia | Remdesivir, dexamethasone, interleukin-6 inhibitor |
PB, Delivery type, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes |
| Alipour Z;2021 [15] | Retrospective analytical cohort study | Iran | Infected pregnant women: 53 VS Non-infected pregnant women: 135 |
②: 118/133 (88.7%), ③: 15/133 (11.3%) |
GDM, Preeclampsia, Hypertension |
Antibiotic, Antiviral |
PB, Delivery type, Maternal mortality, LBW, APGAR score |
Adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including caesarean section, preterm birth. |
| Binte Masud S;2021 [14] | group-comparison cross-sectional study | Bangladesh | Infected pregnant women: 70 VS Non-infected pregnant women: 140 | — |
Diabetes, Preeclampsia, Hypertension |
— |
PB, Delivery type, Low Birth LBW, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
Undergoing a CS delivery and giving birth to preterm babie |
| Gupta P;2021 [20] | Retrospective analytical cohort study | India | Infected pregnant women: 108 VS Non-infected pregnant women: 3057 |
①: 93/108 (86.1%), ②: 13/108 (12%), ③: 2/108 (1.8%) |
GDM, Pregnancy-induced Hypertension |
Antibiotics, Dexamethasone |
PB, Delivery type, Maternal Death, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
Unfavorable perinatal outcomes including higher rates of cesarean delivery, preterm birth, low birth weight, and low Apgar score and higher rates of complications |
| Gurol-Urganci I;2021 [6] | present retro-prospective study | England | Infected pregnant women: 3527 VS Non-infected pregnant women: 338,553 | — | Preeclampsia | — |
PB, Delivery type, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
Having higher rates of fetal death and preterm birth, preeclampsia and emergency cesarean delivery |
| Oncel MY;2021 [7] | multicenter cohort study | Turkish | Infected pregnant women: 125 | ③: 8/125 (6.4%) |
GDM, Preeclampsia, Hypertension |
— |
PB, Delivery type, Maternal Death, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
Maternal mortality, higher rates of preterm birth and cesarean section |
| Al Hashmi I;2022 [8] | Multi-Center Case-Control Comparison Study | Middle-Eastern countries | Infected pregnant women: 174 VS Non-infected pregnant women: 87 |
②: 65/87 (74.71%), ③: 12/87 (13.79%) |
Preeclampsia |
Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquine monotherapy, Amoxacillin-clavulanate, Ceftriaxone, Steroids, Other medication |
PB, Delivery type, Maternal Death, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
Preeclampsia, preterm labor, requiring cesarean section, and low neonatal Apgar score were more common in high-risk pregnant women |
| Yang R;2019 [18] | a population-based cohort study | China | Infected pregnant women: 65 VS Non-infected pregnant women: 11,013 | — |
GDM, Preeclampsia, Hypertension |
— |
PB, Delivery type, |
An increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, including iatrogenic preterm birth and cesarean section delivery |
| Chung Y;2022 [9] | multicenter observational study | Korea | Infected pregnant women: 65 |
②: 37/65 (56.92%), ③: 28/65 (43.08%) |
GDM, Preeclampsia, Hypertension |
Regdanvimab, Remdesivir, Antibiotics, Corticosteroid, Antipyretics, Tocilizumab |
PB, Delivery type, Maternal Death, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
At higher risk of progression to severe disease |
| Faraz S;2022 [10] | Retrospective analytical cohort study | United Arab Emirates | Infected pregnant women: 123 |
②: 93/123 (75.61%), ③: 30/123 (24.39%) |
GDM | — |
PB, Delivery type, Maternal Death, LBW, APGAR score |
High mortality, complications, cesarean section delivery, premature and low birth weights were more common |
| Abedzadeh-Kalahroudi M;2021 [11] | A case series study | Iran | Infected pregnant women: 26 |
②: 24/26 (92.31%), ③: 2/26 (7.69%) |
GDM, Preeclampsia, Hypertension |
Antibiotic, Antibiotic and antiviral |
PB, Delivery type, LBW, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
Increased rate of preterm delivery and cesarean section prematurity and low birth weight |
| Al-Matary A;2021 [19] | retrospective descriptive study | Saudi Arabia | Infected pregnant women: 288 |
②: 176/288 (61.1%), ③: 54/288 (18.75%) |
GDM, Preeclampsia, Hypertension |
Corticosteroid, Antibiotics, Antiviral |
PB, Delivery type, Maternal Death, LBW, APGAR score, Neonatal death |
The adverse pregnancy outcome was premature Preeclampsia |
| Antoun L;2020 [12] | prospective cohort study | England | Infected pregnant women: 19 |
②: 17/19 (89.47%), ③: 2/19 (10.53%) |
GDM, Preeclampsia | Steroids |
PB, Delivery type, Maternal Death, Neonatal death |
High prevalence of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and caesarean section |
| Knight M;2020 [13] | prospective cohort study | England | Infected pregnant women: 427 |
②: 386/427 (90.40%), ③: 41/427 (9.60%) |
Diabetes, Hypertension |
Oseltamivir Lopinavir/ritonavir, Remdesivir, Corticosteroids |
PB, Delivery type, Maternal Death, APGAR score |
The greater risk of severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality |
* SARS-CoV-2 illness severity at initial presentation, ① represents Asymptomatic, ② represents Mild and/or Moderate, ③ represents Severe