. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 29.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2022 Dec 17;64(4):569–578. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.10.015

Table 1.

Intervention Definition of Tailored Pharmacy-Based Interventions and Permanent Supportive Housing Programs

Tailored pharmacy-based interventions to improve medication adherence for cardiovascular disease	Permanent supportive housing with housing first to reduce homelessness
Tailored pharmacy-based interventions aim to help patients with cardiovascular disease risk conditions take their medications as prescribed. Community or health system pharmacies use assessment tools or interviews to identify adherence barriers for each patient. Pharmacists then provide tailored guidance and services to reduce those barriers. Tailored guidance includes either focused medication counseling or motivational interview sessions. Services include one or more of the following: patient tools such as pillboxes, medication cards, and calendars; medication refill synchronization; and enhanced follow-up. Interventions may include additional components such as communication between the pharmacist and the patient’s primary care provider or patient education materials. Interventions may be used alone or they may be part of a broader intervention to reduce patients’ cardiovascular disease risk.	Housing First Programs provide regular, subsidized, time-unlimited housing to individuals and families experiencing homelessness in which the head of household has a disabling condition, which may include mental health or substance use disorders, difficulties in independent working and living, and HIV infection. Clients are not required to be housing ready, that is, substance-free or in treatment. Once housed, they are encouraged but not required to maintain sobriety to keep their home. Clients may choose among housing alternatives and available services. Most options require meeting HUD housing standards as well as standards of accessibility and reasonable accommodation. Housing First Programs offer clients a range of services to support housing stability, including one or more of the following: help with housing (e.g., assistance getting furniture and training in money management, including rent), health care, mental health services, treatment for substance use disorder, peer support, occupational therapy, and employment counseling. Programs may vary in terms of types of housing offered (grouped versus scattered), meeting requirements (client with caseworker), tailoring to client needs, and monitoring program fidelity.

Tailored pharmacy-based interventions to improve medication adherence for cardiovascular disease

Permanent supportive housing with housing first to reduce homelessness

Tailored pharmacy-based interventions aim to help patients with cardiovascular disease risk conditions take their medications as prescribed. Community or health system pharmacies use assessment tools or interviews to identify adherence barriers for each patient. Pharmacists then provide tailored guidance and services to reduce those barriers.
Tailored guidance includes either focused medication counseling or motivational interview sessions. Services include one or more of the following: patient tools such as pillboxes, medication cards, and calendars; medication refill synchronization; and enhanced follow-up.
Interventions may include additional components such as communication between the pharmacist and the patient’s primary care provider or patient education materials. Interventions may be used alone or they may be part of a broader intervention to reduce patients’ cardiovascular disease risk.

Housing First Programs provide regular, subsidized, time-unlimited housing to individuals and families experiencing homelessness in which the head of household has a disabling condition, which may include mental health or substance use disorders, difficulties in independent working and living, and HIV infection. Clients are not required to be housing ready, that is, substance-free or in treatment. Once housed, they are encouraged but not required to maintain sobriety to keep their home. Clients may choose among housing alternatives and available services. Most options require meeting HUD housing standards as well as standards of accessibility and reasonable accommodation.
Housing First Programs offer clients a range of services to support housing stability, including one or more of the following: help with housing (e.g., assistance getting furniture and training in money management, including rent), health care, mental health services, treatment for substance use disorder, peer support, occupational therapy, and employment counseling.
Programs may vary in terms of types of housing offered (grouped versus scattered), meeting requirements (client with caseworker), tailoring to client needs, and monitoring program fidelity.

UHD, Department of Housing and Urban Development.