Table 1.
Baseline Population Characteristics According to Participants With vs Without Incident Infarcts Detected During Year of Follow-up After Stroke (n = 229)
| Any incident infarct (N = 57) | No incident infarct (N = 172) | Overall (N = 229) | p Value | |
| Baseline age, y, mean (SD) | 67.1 (11.0) | 65.4 (11.2) | 65.9 (11.1) | 0.324 |
| Female, n (%) | 14 (24.6) | 63 (36.6) | 77 (33.6) | 0.131 |
| Index lacunar subtype, n (%) | 37 (64.9) | 94 (54.7) | 131 (57.2) | 0.229 |
| Index cortical subtype, n (%) | 20 (35.1) | 78 (45.3) | 98 (42.8) | |
| Prior history of TIA, n (%) | 7 (12.3) | 16 (9.3) | 23 (10.0) | 0.694 |
| Prior history of stroke, n (%) | 13 (22.8) | 10 (5.8) | 23 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Prior history of stroke/TIA, n (%) | 16 (28.1) | 20 (11.6) | 36 (15.7) | 0.006 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 18 (31.6) | 32 (18.6) | 50 (21.8) | 0.061 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 42 (73.7) | 115 (66.9) | 157 (68.6) | 0.425 |
| MAP, mm Hg, mean (SD) | 108 (12.5) | 105 (13.2) | 106 (13.1) | 0.099 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 43 (75.4) | 128 (74.4) | 171 (74.7) | >1 |
| Smoker: current or ex <1 y, n (%) | 13 (22.8) | 28 (16.3) | 41 (17.9) | 0.319 |
| Smoker: never or ex >1 y, n (%) | 42 (73.7) | 142 (82.6) | 184 (80.3) | |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 4 (7.0) | 17 (9.9) | 21 (9.2) | 0.7 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 9 (15.8) | 15 (8.7) | 24 (10.5) | 0.207 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.7) | 3 (1.3) | 0.74 |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 3 (5.3) | 7 (4.1) | 10 (4.4) | 0.993 |
| PFO closure, n (%)a | 1 (1.8) | 8 (4.7) | 9 (3.9) | 0.56 |
| Right ICAb <50% or not quantified or not assessed, n (%) | 56 (98.2) | 167 (97.1) | 223 (97.4) | 0.573 |
| Right ICA 50%–69%, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.7) | 3 (1.3) | |
| Right ICA ≥70%, n (%) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (1.2) | 3 (1.3) | |
| Left ICA <50% or not quantified or not assessed, n (%) | 54 (94.7) | 166 (96.5) | 220 (96.1) | 0.732 |
| Left ICA 50%–69%, n (%) | 2 (3.5) | 3 (1.7) | 5 (2.2) | |
| Left ICA ≥70%, n (%) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (1.7) | 4 (1.7) | |
| Any potential proximal embolic source, n (%)c | 17 (29.8) | 43 (25.0) | 58 (25.3) | 0.586 |
| Antiplatelet, n (%) | 51 (89.5) | 153 (89.0) | 204 (89.1) | >0.99 |
| Anticoagulant, n (%) | 7 (12.3) | 19 (11.0) | 26 (11.4) | 0.98 |
| Antihypertensive/s, n (%) | 40 (70.2) | 111 (64.5) | 151 (65.9) | 0.53 |
| Lipid-lowering agent, n (%) | 53 (93.0) | 158 (91.9) | 211 (92.1) | >0.99 |
| Baseline SVD score, mean (SD) | 2.54 (1.21) | 1.57 (1.29) | 1.82 (1.34) | <0.001 |
| Baseline SVD score, median (Q1, Q3) | 3 (2, 4) | 2 (0, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: ICA = internal carotid artery; MAP = mean arterial pressure; PFO = patent foramen ovale; SVD = small vessel disease; TIA = transient ischemic attack.
a
Refers to PFO closure between index stroke and 1-year follow-up.
b
Refers to ICA stenosis at index stroke.
c
Refers to ≥1 of atrial fibrillation (n = 19), ≥70% North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial stenosis of either internal carotid artery, PFO closure, ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure.