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. 2024 Jun 18;56(7):7748–7760. doi: 10.3758/s13428-024-02448-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Concordance of GILT letter-based thresholds at 80% accuracy with VOSP incomplete letter accuracy in PCA and typical AD participants. Dashed vertical lines represent the VOSP cut-off indicating impairment (5^th percentile: 16; max score: 20 (Warrington et al., 1991)). Dashed horizontal lines represent the GILT 5^th percentile cut-off based on UK Biobank participants without documented visual conditions or stroke (5^th percentile letter-based threshold: 0.126; max score: 0)