Table 5.
Percentage of caregivers who endorsed characteristics of valued support sources
| Categories, subcategories, & codes | Time point 1 Age M = 16.19, SD = 1.25 |
Time point 2 Age M = 17.81, SD = 1.30 |
Time point 3 Age M = 18.84, SD = 1.34 |
Time point 4 Age M = 19.85, SD = 1.28 |
Time point 5 Age M = 21.66, SD = 1.25 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All n = 67 |
LA n = 39 |
MA n = 25 |
All n = 63 |
LA n = 40 |
MA n = 19 |
All n = 52 |
LA n = 29 |
MA n = 19 |
All n = 51 |
LA n = 33 | MA n = 15 |
All n = 39 |
LA n = 23 |
MA n = 15 |
|
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Category: type of support | |||||||||||||||
| Subcategory: emotional support | |||||||||||||||
| Partnership | 8.96 | 7.69 | 12.00 | 11.11 | 12.50 | 10.53 | 17.31* | 10.34 | 26.32 | 17.65* | 21.21* | 13.33 | 23.08* | 30.43* | 6.67 |
| Belongingness | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.76 | 7.50 | 0.00 | 1.92 | 3.45 | 0.00 | 1.96 | 0.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Spirituality | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.59 | 2.50 | 0.00 | 1.92 | 3.45 | 0.00 | 1.96 | 3.03 | 0.00 | 2.56 | 4.35 | 0.00 |
| Listening | 7.46 | 7.69 | 8.00 | 3.17 | 0.00 | 10.53 | 11.54 | 10.34 | 5.26 | 7.84 | 3.03 | 13.33 | 12.82 | 13.04 | 13.33 |
| Elicits positive emotions | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.76 | 2.50 | 10.53 | 5.77 | 10.34 | 0.00 | 3.92 | 3.03 | 6.67 | 2.56 | 4.35 | 0.00 |
| Love and/or caring | 4.48 | 5.13 | 4.00 | 1.59 | 0.00 | 5.26 | 9.62 | 10.34 | 10.53 | 3.92 | 6.06 | 0.00 | 7.69 | 8.70 | 6.67 |
| Subcategory: instrumental support | |||||||||||||||
| Provides intervention or education to autistic person | 10.45 | 7.69 | 16.00* | 4.76 | 5.00 | 5.26 | 7.69 | 10.34 | 0.00 | 15.69* | 9.09 | 33.33* | 5.13 | 8.70 | 0.00 |
| Provides education and training to parent | 2.99 | 2.56 | 4.00 | 1.59 | 0.00 | 5.26 | 1.92 | 0.00 | 5.26 | 1.96 | 0.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Helps with planning for future | 1.49 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 4.76 | 7.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.96 | 0.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Provides respite/childcare | 16.42* | 25.64* | 4.00 | 9.52 | 12.50 | 5.26 | 3.85 | 6.90 | 0.00 | 9.80 | 15.15 | 0.00 | 7.69 | 8.70 | 0.00 |
| Provides help with problem solving | 7.46 | 5.13 | 8.00 | 4.76 | 2.50 | 10.53 | 15.38 | 6.90 | 31.58* | 3.92 | 6.06 | 0.00 | 2.56 | 4.35 | 0.00 |
| Provides help with daily tasks | 7.46 | 7.69 | 8.00 | 4.76 | 2.50 | 5.26 | 1.92 | 3.45 | 0.00 | 9.80 | 9.09 | 6.67 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 6.67 |
| Provides structure and activities for child | 5.97 | 7.69 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.96 | 3.03 | 0.00 | 7.69 | 8.70 | 0.00 |
| Category: support person factors | |||||||||||||||
| Subcategory: knowledge, values, & characteristics | |||||||||||||||
| Has understanding or acceptance of child | 14.93* | 23.08* | 4.00 | 11.11 | 7.50 | 21.05* | 9.62 | 13.79 | 5.26 | 15.69* | 12.12 | 20.00* | 12.82 | 13.04 | 6.67 |
| Has expertise in autism or child development | 4.48 | 0.00 | 12.00 | 1.59 | 2.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.96 | 3.03 | 0.00 | 2.56 | 4.35 | 0.00 |
| Has shared values, perspective, beliefs | 1.49 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 1.59 | 2.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.96 | 0.00 | 6.67 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 6.67 |
| Has positive personal characteristics | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.96 | 0.00 | 6.67 | 5.13 | 4.35 | 6.67 |
| Has understanding of parents experiences | 7.46 | 7.69 | 8.00 | 14.29 | 12.50 | 15.79 | 11.54 | 6.90 | 10.53 | 9.80 | 9.09 | 6.67 | 12.82 | 13.04 | 6.67 |
| Subcategory: willingness to help | |||||||||||||||
| Offers support before being asked | 2.99 | 5.13 | 0.00 | 4.76 | 7.50 | 0.00 | 3.85 | 3.45 | 5.26 | 3.92 | 3.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Dependable and/or available/accessible | 11.94 | 7.69 | 20.00* | 28.57* | 35.00* | 15.79* | 30.77* | 31.03* | 31.58* | 11.76 | 9.09 | 13.33 | 25.64* | 30.43* | 20.00* |
| Subcategory: logistics | |||||||||||||||
| Duration of relationship | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.59 | 0.00 | 5.26 | 1.92 | 0.00 | 5.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Has frequent contact with child or caregiver | 5.97 | 7.69 | 4.00 | 15.87* | 17.50* | 15.79 | 11.54 | 17.24* | 5.26 | 11.76 | 18.18* | 0.00 | 5.13 | 4.35 | 6.67 |
| Category: other | |||||||||||||||
| Subcategory: no support | |||||||||||||||
| No supports needed | 2.99 | 0.00 | 8.00 | 6.35 | 2.50 | 10.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.92 | 0.00 | 13.33 | 10.26 | 0.00 | 26.67* |
| No support available | 1.49 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 4.76 | 7.50 | 0.00 | 7.69 | 3.45 | 10.53 | 7.84 | 9.09 | 0.00 | 12.82 | 8.70 | 6.67 |
MA more Able, LA less able
*Top two most frequent codes at that time point; missing or un-codable data varied from 34 to 47%; sample sizes and percentages reported above are excluding missing and un-codable data