. 2024 Aug 19;121(35):e2402813121. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2402813121

Table 2.

Regression coefficient (SE) and P-values [before, P, and after false discovery rate (FDR) correction, P_FDR] of age, VO₂max, and age × VO₂max with respect to MWF (Model 1) and age, age², VO₂max, age × VO₂max, and age² × VO₂max with respect to MWF (Model 2) for each of the 14 WM regions-of-interest (ROIs) investigated.

	MWF
WB	−0.37(0.11), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.003	0.25(0.11), P = 0.027 P_FDR = 0.047	0.30(0.09), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.002	−0.56(0.12), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.22(0.12), P = 0.061 P_FDR = 0.170	0.48(0.13), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.002	0.10(0.11), P = 0.359 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.31(0.10), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.005
FL	−0.40(0.10), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.002	0.30(0.10), P = 0.004* P_FDR = 0.020	0.31(0.08), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.001	−0.58(0.11), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.21(0.11), P = 0.049 P_FDR = 0.170	0.51(0.13), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.001	0.13(0.11), P = 0.235 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.28(0.09), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.005
OL	−0.26(0.12), P = 0.038 P_FDR = 0.044	0.15(0.13), P = 0.219 P_FDR = 0.236	0.31(0.09), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.003	−0.47(0.14), P <0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.26(0.12), P = 0.049 P_FDR = 0.170	0.41(0.16), P = 0.010 P_FDR = 0.011	0.08(0.13), P = 0.546 P_FDR = 0.588	−0.35(0.11), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.005
PL	−0.39(0.11), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.003	0.18(0.11), P = 0.111 P_FDR = 0.141	0.29(0.08), P = 0.001* P_FDR = 0.003	−0.55(0.12), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.15(0.12), P = 0.230 P_FDR = 0.268	0.37(0.14), P = 0.011 P_FDR = 0.011	0.15(0.12), P = 0.202 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.25(0.10), P = 0.015 P_FDR = 0.018
TL	−0.35(0.12), P = 0.004* P_FDR = 0.005	0.18(0.12), P = 0.136 P_FDR = 0.158	0.26(0.09), P = 0.006 P_FDR = 0.007	−0.55(0.13), P <0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.24(0.13), P = 0.057 P_FDR = 0.170	0.42(0.15), P = 0.006 P_FDR = 0.008	0.05(0.12), P = 0.706 P_FDR = 0.706	−0.33(0.11), P = 0.003* P_FDR = 0.005
CRB	−0.25(0.13), P = 0.059 P_FDR = 0.063	0.15(0.13), P = 0.265 P_FDR = 0.265	0.10(0.10), P = 0.326 P_FDR = 0.326	−0.46(0.14), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.002	−0.21(0.14), P = 0.126 P_FDR = 0.197	0.41(0.17), P = 0.015 P_FDR = 0.015	−0.10(0.14), P = 0.461 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.34(0.12), P = 0.004* P_FDR = 0.006
CC	−0.41(0.11), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.002	0.22(0.11), P = 0.046 P_FDR = 0.064	0.30(0.09), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.002	−0.54(0.12), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.19(0.12), P = 0.095 P_FDR = 0.184	0.36(0.14), P = 0.011 P_FDR = 0.011	0.14(0.11), P = 0.226 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.21(0.10), P = 0.040 P_FDR = 0.043
IC	−0.35(0.11), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.004	0.27(0.11), P = 0.018 P_FDR = 0.038	0.28(0.09), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.003	−0.54(0.12), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.19(0.12), P = 0.098 P_FDR = 0.184	0.51(0.14), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.001	0.10(0.11), P = 0.396 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.32(0.10), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.005
CP	−0.02(0.13), P = 0.876 P_FDR = 0.876	0.30(0.13), P = 0.019 P_FDR = 0.038	0.26(0.10), P = 0.010 P_FDR = 0.011	−0.16(0.14), P = 0.254 P_FDR = 0.254	−0.15(0.14), P = 0.285 P_FDR = 0.285	0.48(0.16), P = 0.004* P_FDR = 0.006	0.12(0.13), P = 0.362 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.24(0.12), P = 0.045 P_FDR = 0.045
CR	−0.35(0.11), P = 0.001* P_FDR = 0.003	0.32(0.11), P = 0.003* P_FDR = 0.020	0.32(0.08), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.001	−0.50(0.12), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.13(0.11), P = 0.273 P_FDR = 0.285	0.51(0.14), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.001	0.19(0.11), P = 0.088 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.24(0.10), P = 0.013 P_FDR = 0.017
TR	−0.36(0.11), P = 0.001* P_FDR = 0.003	0.27(0.11), P = 0.017 P_FDR = 0.038	0.26(0.09), P = 0.004* P_FDR = 0.005	−0.55(0.12), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.17(0.12), P = 0.147 P_FDR = 0.206	0.50(0.14), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.001	0.09(0.11), P = 0.441 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.30(0.10), P = 0.003* P_FDR = 0.005
FOF	−0.33(0.11), P = 0.003* P_FDR = 0.004	0.34(0.11), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.020	0.32(0.09), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.001	−0.51(0.12), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.14(0.11), P = 0.230 P_FDR = 0.268	0.58(0.14), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	0.17(0.11), P = 0.126 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.30(0.10), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.005
LF	−0.35(0.11), P = 0.003* P_FDR = 0.004	0.25(0.12), P = 0.032 P_FDR = 0.050	0.28(0.09), P = 0.003* P_FDR = 0.004	−0.55(0.13), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.20(0.12), P = 0.097 P_FDR = 0.184	0.49(0.14), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.002	0.09(0.12), P = 0.469 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.32(0.10), P = 0.002* P_FDR = 0.005
FOR	−0.37(0.11), P < 0.001* P_FDR = 0.003	0.27(0.11), P = 0.015 P_FDR = 0.038	0.29(0.09), P = 0.001* P_FDR = 0.002	−0.54(0.12), P < 0.001* P_FDR < 0.001	−0.25(0.12), P = 0.034 P_FDR = 0.170	0.46(0.14), P = 0.001* P_FDR = 0.002	0.08(0.11), P = 0.466 P_FDR = 0.547	−0.27(0.10), P = 0.006 P_FDR = 0.008

MWF

Model 1

Model 2

ROIs

Age

VO₂max

Age × VO₂max

Age

Age²

VO₂max

Age × VO₂max

Age² × VO₂max

−0.37(0.11),

P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.003

0.25(0.11), P = 0.027

P_FDR = 0.047

0.30(0.09),

P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.002

−0.56(0.12), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.22(0.12), P = 0.061

P_FDR = 0.170

0.48(0.13), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.002

0.10(0.11), P = 0.359

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.31(0.10), P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.005

−0.40(0.10), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.002

0.30(0.10), P = 0.004*

P_FDR = 0.020

0.31(0.08),

P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.001

−0.58(0.11), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.21(0.11), P = 0.049

P_FDR = 0.170

0.51(0.13), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.001

0.13(0.11), P = 0.235

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.28(0.09), P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.005

−0.26(0.12), P = 0.038

P_FDR = 0.044

0.15(0.13), P = 0.219

P_FDR = 0.236

0.31(0.09),

P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.003

−0.47(0.14), P <0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.26(0.12), P = 0.049

P_FDR = 0.170

0.41(0.16), P = 0.010

P_FDR = 0.011

0.08(0.13), P = 0.546

P_FDR = 0.588

−0.35(0.11), P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.005

−0.39(0.11), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.003

0.18(0.11), P = 0.111

P_FDR = 0.141

0.29(0.08),

P = 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.003

−0.55(0.12), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.15(0.12), P = 0.230

P_FDR = 0.268

0.37(0.14), P = 0.011

P_FDR = 0.011

0.15(0.12), P = 0.202

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.25(0.10), P = 0.015

P_FDR = 0.018

−0.35(0.12), P = 0.004*

P_FDR = 0.005

0.18(0.12), P = 0.136

P_FDR = 0.158

0.26(0.09),

P = 0.006

P_FDR = 0.007

−0.55(0.13), P <0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.24(0.13), P = 0.057

P_FDR = 0.170

0.42(0.15), P = 0.006

P_FDR = 0.008

0.05(0.12), P = 0.706

P_FDR = 0.706

−0.33(0.11), P = 0.003*

P_FDR = 0.005

CRB

−0.25(0.13), P = 0.059

P_FDR = 0.063

0.15(0.13), P = 0.265

P_FDR = 0.265

0.10(0.10),

P = 0.326

P_FDR = 0.326

−0.46(0.14), P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.002

−0.21(0.14), P = 0.126

P_FDR = 0.197

0.41(0.17), P = 0.015

P_FDR = 0.015

−0.10(0.14), P = 0.461

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.34(0.12), P = 0.004*

P_FDR = 0.006

−0.41(0.11), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.002

0.22(0.11), P = 0.046

P_FDR = 0.064

0.30(0.09),

P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.002

−0.54(0.12), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.19(0.12), P = 0.095

P_FDR = 0.184

0.36(0.14), P = 0.011

P_FDR = 0.011

0.14(0.11), P = 0.226

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.21(0.10), P = 0.040

P_FDR = 0.043

−0.35(0.11), P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.004

0.27(0.11), P = 0.018

P_FDR = 0.038

0.28(0.09),

P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.003

−0.54(0.12), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.19(0.12), P = 0.098

P_FDR = 0.184

0.51(0.14), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.001

0.10(0.11), P = 0.396

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.32(0.10), P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.005

−0.02(0.13), P = 0.876

P_FDR = 0.876

0.30(0.13), P = 0.019

P_FDR = 0.038

0.26(0.10),

P = 0.010

P_FDR = 0.011

−0.16(0.14), P = 0.254

P_FDR = 0.254

−0.15(0.14), P = 0.285

P_FDR = 0.285

0.48(0.16), P = 0.004*

P_FDR = 0.006

0.12(0.13), P = 0.362

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.24(0.12), P = 0.045

P_FDR = 0.045

−0.35(0.11), P = 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.003

0.32(0.11), P = 0.003*

P_FDR = 0.020

0.32(0.08),

P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.001

−0.50(0.12), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.13(0.11), P = 0.273

P_FDR = 0.285

0.51(0.14), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.001

0.19(0.11), P = 0.088

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.24(0.10), P = 0.013

P_FDR = 0.017

−0.36(0.11), P = 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.003

0.27(0.11), P = 0.017

P_FDR = 0.038

0.26(0.09),

P = 0.004*

P_FDR = 0.005

−0.55(0.12), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.17(0.12), P = 0.147

P_FDR = 0.206

0.50(0.14), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.001

0.09(0.11), P = 0.441

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.30(0.10), P = 0.003*

P_FDR = 0.005

FOF

−0.33(0.11), P = 0.003*

P_FDR = 0.004

0.34(0.11), P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.020

0.32(0.09),

P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.001

−0.51(0.12), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.14(0.11), P = 0.230

P_FDR = 0.268

0.58(0.14), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

0.17(0.11), P = 0.126

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.30(0.10), P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.005

−0.35(0.11), P = 0.003*

P_FDR = 0.004

0.25(0.12), P = 0.032

P_FDR = 0.050

0.28(0.09),

P = 0.003*

P_FDR = 0.004

−0.55(0.13), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.20(0.12), P = 0.097

P_FDR = 0.184

0.49(0.14), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.002

0.09(0.12), P = 0.469

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.32(0.10), P = 0.002*

P_FDR = 0.005

FOR

−0.37(0.11), P < 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.003

0.27(0.11), P = 0.015

P_FDR = 0.038

0.29(0.09),

P = 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.002

−0.54(0.12), P < 0.001*

P_FDR < 0.001

−0.25(0.12), P = 0.034

P_FDR = 0.170

0.46(0.14), P = 0.001*

P_FDR = 0.002

0.08(0.11), P = 0.466

P_FDR = 0.547

−0.27(0.10), P = 0.006

P_FDR = 0.008

Notes. VO₂max, maximum volume rate of oxygen; MWF, myelin water fraction; WM, white matter; ROI, region-of-interest; WB, whole-brain; FL, frontal lobe; OL, occipital lobe; PL, parietal lobe; TL, temporal lobe; CRB, cerebellum; CC, corpus callosum; IC, internal capsule; CP, cerebral peduncle; CR, corona radiata; TR, thalamic radiation; FOF, fronto-occipital fasciculus; LF, longitudinal fasciculus; FOR, forceps. Bolded values indicate statistical significance (P or P_FDR < 0.05). SE values are italicized. * indicates statistical significance based on the Bonferroni family-wise error corrected P-value threshold of 0.05/14 ROIs = 0.0035. Full results for all covariates are presented in SI Appendix, Tables S1 and S2.