Table.
Baseline characteristics, vital signs, laboratory data, and severity of illness in the 2 groups.
| Patient characteristics | Negative group |
Positive group |
P value | SMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n ＝ 773 | n ＝ 139 | |||
| Age (y) | 73 (61-81) | 77 (65-83) | .008 | 1.016277 |
| Sex, male | 467 (60.4) | 80 (57.6) | .53 | 0.058171 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.1 (18.3-24.4) | 21.4 (18.5-24.2) | .84 | 0.025687 |
| Race, ethnicity | – | – | ||
| Asian, Japanese | 773 (100) | 139 (100) | ||
| Pre-existing comorbidities | – | – | – | – |
| Hypertension | 193 (25) | 32 (23) | .62 | 0.045582 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 192 (24.8) | 42 (30.2) | .18 | 0.120616 |
| Cancer | 56 (7.2) | 11 (7.9) | .78 | 0.025286 |
| Mild-to-moderate liver failure | 21 (2.7) | 14 (10.1) | <.001 | 0.304097 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 106 (13.7) | 31 (22.3) | .009 | 0.224945 |
| Hemodialysis | 32 (4.1) | 11 (7.9) | .05 | 0.159083 |
| Chronic heart failure | 110 (14.2) | 33 (23.7) | .005 | 0.244308 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 88 (11.4) | 13 (9.4) | .48 | 0.066683 |
| Site of infection | – | – | <.001 | – |
| Respiratory system | 267 (34.5) | 35 (25.2) | – | 0.205623 |
| Abdomen | 127 (16.4) | 30 (21.6) | – | 0.131627 |
| Urinary tract | 211 (27.3) | 55 (39.6) | – | 0.262367 |
| Bone/soft tissue | 134 (17.3) | 9 (6.5) | – | 0.340167 |
| Central nervous system | 15 (1.9) | 3 (2.2) | – | 0.015371 |
| Cardiovascular system | 13 (1.7) | 3 (2.2) | – | 0.034729 |
| Others/unclassifiable/unknown | 6 (0.8) | 4 (2.9) | – | 0.157402 |
| Vital signs | – | – | – | – |
| Glasgow coma scale | 10 (9-14) | 10 (6-11) | <.001 | 1.120492 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 125 (105-147) | 113 (87-135) | <.001 | 1.088008 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 69 (56-84) | 61 (45-82) | .003 | 0.934345 |
| Respiratory rate (/min) | 25 (21-31) | 28 (22-33) | .03 | 0.859915 |
| Heart rate (/min) | 103 (88-119) | 106 (88-129) | .08 | 1.01676 |
| Body temperature (ºC) | 37.2 (36.3-38.2) | 37 (36-38.4) | .50 | 1.329277 |
| Urinary output for 24 h (mL) | 1350 (750-2180) | 963 (447-1625) | <.001 | 0.329319 |
| Laboratory tests | – | – | – | – |
| White blood cell count (103/μL) | 11.7 (7.6-16.8) | 8.9 (4.3-14.6) | <.001 | 0.618032 |
| Platelet count (103/μL) | 202.5 (141.5-281) | 139 (99-199) | <.001 | 0.825432 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 1.3 (1.2-1.5) | <.001 | 0.421353 |
| Fibrin/FDPs (μg/mL) | 10.1 (5.5-17.9) | 18.75 (9.2-45) | <.001 | 0.266603 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 4.2 (2.1-9.2) | 9.25 (4.4-20.2) | <.001 | 0.291051 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 470.5 (348-601) | 369.5 (263-509) | <.001 | 0.952803 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 137 (133-140) | 136 (132-140) | .908 | 1.339317 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.1 (3.7-4.6) | 4.2 (3.7-4.8) | .13 | 1.065221 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.16 (0.78-2.04) | 1.89 (1.13-3.21) | <.001 | 0.079825 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | 0.9 (0.6-1.4) | .01 | 0.036324 |
| Antithrombin activity (%) | 68.2 (56.2-82.7) | 56.4 (46.1-73.9) | <.001 | 1.155063 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.1-3.4) | 3.7 (2-6.3) | <.001 | 0.025837 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.7 (2.2-3.4) | 2.5 (1.9-3.1) | .003 | 1.057086 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 14.27 (5.07-24.01) | 13.84 (3.71-26.36) | .97 | 0.236019 |
| Disease severity scores | – | – | – | – |
| SOFA score | 6 (4-8) | 10 (8-12) | <.001 | 0.455536 |
| APACHE II score | 18 (13-23) | 23 (18-29) | <.001 | 0.598401 |
| JAAM DIC score | 2 (1-4) | 4 (2-5) | <.001 | 0.288529 |
| JAAM DIC-positive | 194 (25.1) | 76 (54.7) | <.001 | 0.633665 |
| ISTH overt DIC score | 2 (0-3) | 3 (2-4) | <.001 | 0.176317 |
| ISTH SIC score | 3 (2-4) | 4 (3-4) | <.001 | 0.69857 |
| ISTH SIC-positive | 217 (28.1) | 88 (63.3) | <.001 | 1.678154 |
Categorical variables are expressed as n (%), and continuous variables are presented as medians with first and third quartiles.
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; FDP, fibrinogen degradation product; ISTH, International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis; JAAM, Japanese Association for Acute Medicine; SMD, standardized mean difference; SIC, sepsis-induced coagulopathy; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.