Table 1.
Patients characteristics, according to main underlying disease.
| All n = 550 | Haematological malignancy n = 358 (%) | Burns n = 29 (%) | Trauma n = 44 (%) | Solid Organ Transplant n = 36 (%) | Diabetes n = 41 (%) | Other n = 42 (%) | p (overall) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (year) | 55.32 | 56.0 | 48.4 | 52.1 | 56.1 | 61.6 | 50.5 | 0.04 |
| Male | 361/550 (65.6) | 220/358 (61.5) | 20/29 (69.0) | 33/44 (75.0) | 27/36 (75.0) | 33/40 (80.8) | 28/42 (66.7) | 0.11 |
| ICU at diagnosis | 182/550 (33.4) | 79/358 (22.1) | 28/29 (96.6) | 15/44 (34.1) | 15/36 (41.7) | 16/41 (39.0) | 19/42 (45.2) | <0.001 |
| Acute leukaemia | 222/550 (40.4) | 222/358 (62.0) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lymphoma | 49/550 (8.9) | 49/358 (13.7) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Case classification | ||||||||
| Proven | 207/550 (37.7) | 115/358 (32.1) | 11/29 (37.9) | 22/44 (50.0) | 17/36 (47.2) | 23/41 (56.1) | 19/42 (45.2) | |
| Probable | 185/550 (34.1) | 103/358 (28.7) | 14/29 (48.3) | 21/44 (47.7) | 18/36 (50.0) | 17/41 (41.5) | 12/42 (28.6) | 0.01 |
| Putative | 158/550 (28.1) | 140/358 (39.1) | 4/29 (13.8) | 1/44 (2.3) | 1/36 (2.8) | 1/41 (2.4) | 11/42 (26.2) | |
| Localisation | ||||||||
| Lung (localized) | 288/550 (52.4) | 229/358 (64.0) | 0 | 2/44 (4.5) | 22/36 (61.1) | 14/41 (34.1) | 21/42 (50.0) | <0.001 |
| Rhino-orbito-cerebral (localized) | 80/550 (14.5) | 44/358 (12.3) | 0 | 3/44 (6.8) | 7/36 (19.4) | 19/41 (46.4) | 7/42 (16.7) | |
| Cutaneo-articular (localized) | 94/550 (17.1) | 19/358 (5.3) | 26/29 (89.7) | 38/44 (86.4) | 3/36 (8.3) | 4/41 (9.8) | 4/42 (9.5) | |
| Other (localized) | 27/550 (4.9) | 17/358 (4.7) | 0 | 1/44 (2.3) | 3/36 (8.3) | 1/41 (2.5) | 5/42 (11.9) | |
| Disseminated | 61/550 (11.1) | 49/358 (13.7) | 3/29 (10.3) | 0 | 1/36 (2.7) | 3/41 (7.3) | 5/42 (11.9) | |
| Fungal species | ||||||||
| Rhizopus arrhizus | 67/316 (21.2) | 32/161 (19.9) | 0 | 2/42 (4.8) | 9/29 (31.0) | 18/31 (58.1) | 6/29 (20.7) | |
| Rhizopus microsporus | 43/316 (13.6) | 26/161 (16.1) | 1/24 (4.2) | 2/42 (4.8) | 6/29 (20.7) | 4/31 (12.9) | 4/29 (13.8) | <0.001 |
| Lichtheimia corymbifera | 42/316 (13.3) | 27//161 (16.7) | 3/24 (12.5) | 5/42 (11.9) | 3/29 (10.3) | 0 | 4/29 (13.8) | |
| Mucor circinelloides | 42/316 (13.3) | 5/161 (3.1) | 15/24 (62.5) | 17/42 (40.5) | 2/29 (6.9) | 0 | 3/29 (10.3) | |
| Rhizomucor pusillus | 38/316 (12.0) | 33/161 (20.5) | 0 | 1/42 (23.8) | 1/29 (3.4) | 0 | 3/29 (10.3) | |
| Lichtheimia ramosa | 34/316 (10.8) | 13/161 (8.1) | 5/24 (20.8) | 11/42 (26.2) | 1/29 (3.4) | 2/31 (6.4) | 2/29 (6.9) | |
| Others | 50/316 (15.8) | 25/161 (15.5) | 0 | 4/42 (9.5) | 7/29 (24.1) | 7/31 (22.6) | 7/29 (24.1) | |
| Fungal coinfection | 132/550 (24.0) | 80/358 (22.3) | 8/29 (27.6) | 20/44 (45.5) | 9/36 (25.0) | 5/41 (12.2) | 10/42 (23.8) | 0.01 |
| Positive PCRa | 379/550 (68.9) | 275/358 (76.8) | 19/29 (65.5) | 15/44 (34.1) | 17/36 (47.2) | 21/41 (51.2) | 32/42 (76.2) | |
| Positive PCR on serum | 278/550 (50.5) | 221/358 (61.7) | 19/29 (65.5) | 4/44 (9.1) | 8/36 (22.2) | 10/41 (24.4) | 16/42 (38.1) | <0.001 |
| Positive PCR on pulmonary samples | 131/550 (23.8) | 104/358 (29.1) | 0 | 0 | 8/36 (22.2) | 5/41 (12.2) | 14/42 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| Diagnosis after 2015 | 451/550 (82.0) | 299/358 (83.5) | 18/29 (62.1) | 37/44 (84.1) | 32/36 (88.9) | 29/41 (70.7) | 36/42 (85.7) | 0.051 |
| Surgical treatment | 166/441 (37.6) | 58/276 (21.0) | 27/29 (93.1) | 40/41 (97.6) | 11/29 (37.9) | 19/34 (55.9) | 11/32 (34.4) | <0.001 |
| First-line therapy | ||||||||
| Liposomal amphotericin B (all) | 413/550 (75.1) | 267/358 (74.6) | 24/29 (82.8) | 39/44 (88.6) | 26/36 (72.2) | 32/41 (78.0) | 27/42 (64.2) | |
| Liposomal amphotericin B (monotherapy) | 318/550 (57.8) | 193/358 (53.9) | 19/29 (65.5) | 35/44 (79.5) | 21/36 (58.3) | 27/41 (65.9) | 23/42 (54.8) | <0.01 |
| Isavuconazole (monotherapy) | 36/550 (6.5) | 26/358 (7.3) | 0 | 0 | 2/36 (5.6) | 3/41 (7.3) | 5/42 (11.9) | |
| Posaconazole (monotherapy) | 11/550 (2.0) | 8/358 (2.2) | 0 | 1/44 (2.3) | 1/36 (2.8) | 1/41 (2.5) | 0 | |
| Death before day 90 | 276/495 (55.8) | 203/317 (64.0) | 10/27 (37.0) | 8/43 (18.6) | 19/34 (55.9) | 16/37 (43.2) | 20/37 (54.1) | <0.001 |
ICU: Intensive Care Unit. Denominator represents the number of patients for whom the information was available.
a
All samples included. Denominators for PCR data are 550 despite the fact that not all patients had PCR screening.