Table 2.
Methodological Characteristics of the Included Studies
| Authors (Year) | Country | Age at Follow-Up | Study Design | Sample Size at Baseline | Measure of CM | Measures of MetS | Type of CM | Gender | OR/HR (95% CI) | Authors Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danese et al (2009)66 | New Zealand | 32years | Cohort | 1037 | Self-rated Childhood Maltreatment Questionnaire (CMQ) | NCEP ATP III | Cumulative abuse (physical abuse and sexual abuse) | Male and female | OR 1.39, 95% CIs (1.01–1.93) | Significant association |
| Midei et al (2013)64 | United States | Mean-45.7yrs | Cross-sectional | 342 | Self-rated Childhood Maltreatment Questionnaire (CMQ) | NCEP ATP III | Physical abuse | Female only | HR 2.02, 95% CIs (1.02–4.02) | Significant association. |
| Emotional abuse | Female only | HR 1.37, 95% CIs (0.75–2.53) | No significant association | |||||||
| Sexual abuse | Female only | HR 1.29, 95% CIs (0.63–2.62) | No significant association | |||||||
| Lee et al (2014)63 | United States | 35–86yrs | Cross-sectional | 1234 | Self-rated Childhood Maltreatment Questionnaire (CMQ) | NCEP ATP III | Physical abuse | Men Women |
OR 2.40 95% CIs (1.29–4.44) OR 1.47 95% CIs (0.90–2.41) |
Significant association in men No significant association |
| Emotional abuse | Men Women |
2.24, 95% CIs (1.07 4.68) 1.30, 95% CIs (0.80–2.11) |
Significantly associated with MetS in men only No significant association |
|||||||
| Sexual abuse | Men Women |
0.84, 95% CIs (0.43–1.63) OR 1.20, 95% CIs (0.79-0.182) |
No significant association No significant association |
|||||||
| Cumulative abuse (physical and sexual, emotional/psychological abuse) | Men | OR 1.11 95% CIs (1.00–1.24) | Significant association | |||||||
| Women | OR 1.05 95% CIs (0.98–1.14) | No significant association | ||||||||
| Li et al (2019)65 | United Kingdom | 45yrs | Cohort | 18558 | ACE Questionnaire and single questions | NCEP ATP III | Physical abuse | Male and female | OR1.14, 95% CIs (0.81–1.62) | No significant association |
| Sexual abuse | Male and female | 1.37 (0.45–4.20) | No significant association | |||||||
| Emotional abuse | Male and female | 1.16 (0.91–1.47) |
No significant association | |||||||
| Neglect | Male and female | 1.08 95% CIs(0.89–1.32) | No significant association | |||||||
| ≥3 forms of CM (physical, sexual, emotional/ psychological abuse and neglect) | Male and female | 1.10 95% CIs (0.96–1.26) | No significant association | |||||||
| Willemen et al (2022)67 | Netherland | 18–70yrs | Cross-sectional | 21,617 | Short self-report questionnaire- derived from the NEMESIS Trauma questionnaire | IDF | ≥4 forms of CM (physical, sexual, emotional/ psychological abuse and neglect) | Male and female | 1.136 95% (0.78–1.63 | No significant association |
Abbreviations: NCEP-ATP111, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult; Treatment Panel III; IDF, International Diabetes Federation.