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. 2024 Aug 27;15(1):2375555. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2375555

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© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 1. — The role of A. muciniphila in intestinal inflammatory diseases. (a) The correlation between A. muciniphila and IBD in human and mice (b)The possible mechanisms of A. muciniphila regulating intestinal inflammatory diseases in host: (i) A. muciniphila improves the physical barrier of intestinal mucosal barrier (ii) A. muciniphila improves the immune barrier of intestinal mucosal barrier (iii) Stable colonization of A. muciniphila results in the proliferation of neighboring bacterium and alters their gene expression. IBD: inflammatory bowel disease, UC: ulcerative colitis AmEVs: Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles, CD: Crohn’s disease, DSS: dextran sulfate sodium, TNBS: 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids.