(A) Overview of sample collection. (B) Identification of cell clusters from patients with sarcoidosis (n = 18 for affected and n = 18 unaffected skin) and non-sarcoidosis skin granuloma patients (n = 10 for affected and n = 9 unaffected skin). VE, vascular endothelium; LE, lymphatic endothelium. (C) UMAP depicting subclustering of immune cells. pDC, plasmacytoid DC; cDC, conventional DC. (D) Marker genes defining immune subsets. Dot size reflects percentage cells expressing the gene, and color illustrates level of gene expression. (E) Box-and-whisker plot shows relative contribution of immune cells as percentage of total cells. In the box-and-whisker plot, the box extends from the 25th to 75th percentile. The line in the middle of the box represents the median, and the whiskers represent the minimum and maximum. All data points are covered, no outlying values. Statistical significance was calculated using a 2-tailed Student’s t test. (F) Dot plot depicting gene activation in different immune clusters. Dot size reflects percentage cells expressing the gene, and color illustrates level of gene expression. Data depicted as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.