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. 2024 Sep 3;134(17):e178711. doi: 10.1172/JCI178711

Figure 4. Sarcoid granulomas exhibit molecular features resembling mature tertiary lymphoid structures.

Figure 4

(A) Global analysis of ligand-receptor pathways between sarcoid and non-sarcoid granulomas. Arrows highlight TNF family and CCL signaling. (B) Cell-specific ligand-receptor analysis. Bottom half of circle depicts secreting cell types, and upper half of circle depicts receiving cell types. Inner bottom circle is a summary of the receiving cell types. (C) Dot plot demonstrating average expression (color) and percentage of cells (dot size) expressing specific cytokines. (D) Volcano plot of differential gene expression for sarcoidosis and non-sarcoidosis fibroblasts depicting increased CCL19 and CXCL13 expression. (E) Volcano plot of differential gene expression from bulk RNA-seq of isolated ILC1s from sarcoidosis skin (n = 2) vs. sarcoidosis blood (n = 2), demonstrating increased expression of CCL19 and CXCR4 in skin ILCs. (F) Density plot demonstrating that sarcoidosis-specific B cells express MS4A1 (CD20) and FCER2 (CD23) markers. (G) Summary of unique ligand-receptor interactions found in sarcoid granulomas.