Table 3. Crude and adjusted hazard ratio of the transitioning between individual’s conditions with COVID-19 (hospitalization and death) according to the predictors (southeast of Brazil).
| Crude PWP model | Adjusted PWP model £ | Adjusted PWP fragility model § | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio | |||
| Age | 1.03*** | 1.03*** | 1.03*** |
| Elderly | 2.27*** | ||
| Male | 0.97*** | 1.08*** | 1.08*** |
| Race | |||
| White | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Black | 1.22*** | 1.13*** | 1.13*** |
| Yellow | 0.92*** | 0.93** | 0.93• |
| Brown | 1.01* | 1.07*** | 1.07*** |
| Indian | 0.76*** | 0.93NS | 0.93NS |
| Years of study | |||
| Zero | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Five | 0.85*** | 0.92*** | 0.92*** |
| Nine | 0.71*** | 0.90*** | 0.90*** |
| Twelve | 0.55*** | 0.83*** | 0.83*** |
| More than twelve | 0.46*** | 0.68*** | 0.68*** |
| Not applicable | 0.13*** | 0.83** | 0.83** |
| State | |||
| Espírito Santo | 1 | 1 | |
| Minas Gerais | 0.62*** | 0.82*** | |
| Rio de Janeiro | 0.87*** | 1.42*** | |
| São Paulo | 0.58*** | 0.71*** | |
| Area | |||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 1.15*** | 0.93*** | 0.93*** |
| Peri-urban | 1.14*** | 0.81*** | 0.81*** |
| First symptoms year | |||
| 2020 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2021 | 0.97*** | 1.15*** | 1.15*** |
| 2022 | 1.17*** | 1.12*** | 1.12*** |
| 2023 | 0.90** | 0.87*** | 0.87*** |
| Risk factor | 1.59*** | 1.26*** | 1.26*** |
| Immunization for COVID-19 | 1.07*** | ||
| 2021 | 0.81*** | 0.80*** | |
| 2022 | 0.86*** | 0.88*** | |
| 2023 | 1.04NS | 1.01NS | |
| Gamma effect | (CI 95%) | ||
| State | State | ||
| Espírito Santo | 1.01(0.98:1.03) | ||
| Minas Gerais | 0.83(0.82:0.84) | ||
| Rio de Janeiro | 1.44(1.42:1.46) | ||
| São Paulo | 0.71(0.71:0.72) | ||
| Fit measures | |||
| Likelihood ratio test | 77705 (df = 20)*** | 77705 (df = 20)*** | |
| Log-likelihood | -2689027 (df = 20) | -2689027 (df = 20) | |
| I-likelihood | -2689050.4 | ||
| AIC | 5378095 | 5378095 | |
| BIC | 5378302 | 5378302 | |
| Variance of random effect | 2 |
*** = p-value < 0.0001,
** = p-value < 0.001,
* = p-value < 0.01,
• = p-value < 0.1;
df = degrees of freedom; CI = Confidence Interval; SE = standard error; PWP = Prentice, Williams & Peterson; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion
£ The PWP-adjusted model included the following predictors: age, sex, race, years of education, state of residence, area, year of first symptoms, and risk factors. To access the estimated effect of COVID-19 immunization, separately adjusted models were used for each year that COVID-19 vaccination occurred in Brazil.
§ The PWP fragility-adjusted model included the following predictors: age, sex, race, years of education, area, first symptoms year, risk factors, and the random effect of the state. To access the estimated effect of COVID-19 immunization, separately adjusted models were used for each year that COVID-19 vaccination occurred in Brazil.