Table 1.
Baseline and CMR characteristic of patients with and without adverse pericardial events
| Variable | Overall, N = 361 | Event, N = 121 | No event, N = 241 | p-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male), n (%) | 26 (72%) | 9 (75%) | 17 (71%) | > 0.99 |
| Age, years | 48 (23) | 61 (23) | 41 (20) | 0.020 |
| Height, cm | 169 (8) | 171 (10) | 169 (7) | 0.53 |
| Weight, kg | 69 (13) | 75 (12) | 66 (12) | 0.033 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24 (4.2) | 26 (4.9) | 23 (3.6) | 0.077 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 17 (47%) | 7 (58%) | 10 (42%) | 0.35 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 7 (19%) | 3 (25%) | 4 (17%) | 0.66 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 5 (14%) | 3 (25%) | 2 (8.3%) | 0.31 |
| Current or previous smoking, n (%) | 8 (22%) | 4 (33%) | 4 (17%) | 0.40 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (11%) | 3 (25%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.10 |
| Family history of coronary disease, n (%) | 9 (25%) | 4 (33%) | 5 (21%) | 0.44 |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 24 (67%) | 8 (67%) | 16 (67%) | > 0.99 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 3 (8.3%) | 2 (17%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.25 |
| Arrhythmias, n (%) | 1 (2.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.33 |
| Leukocytosis, n (%) | 12 (33%) | 4 (33%) | 8 (33%) | > 0.99 |
| CRP, n (%) | 29 (81%) | 8 (67%) | 21 (88%) | 0.19 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, n (%) | 11 (31%) | 6 (50%) | 5 (21%) | 0.12 |
| Fever, n (%) | 14 (39%) | 6 (50%) | 8 (33%) | 0.47 |
| Troponin, n (%) | 9 (25%) | 2 (17%) | 7 (29%) | 0.69 |
| Subacute course, n (%) | 10 (28%) | 3 (25%) | 7 (29%) | > 0.99 |
| Respond to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, n (%) | 19 (53%) | 4 (33%) | 15 (63%) | 0.10 |
| Pericardial thickness, mm | 3.22 (2.67) | 3.67 (2.96) | 3.00 (2.55) | 0.51 |
| Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 16 (44%) | 7 (58%) | 9 (38%) | 0.24 |
| Pericardial effusion (thickness), mm | 6 (10) | 11 (13) | 3 (7) | 0.078 |
| Reservoir, % | 29 (12) | 19 (9) | 33 (11) | < 0.001 |
| Reservoir rate, % | 1.34 (0.59) | 0.98 (0.51) | 1.53 (0.55) | 0.007 |
| Conduit, % | 17 (10) | 9 (5) | 21 (9) | < 0.001 |
| Conduit rate, % | − 1.72 (0.87) | − 1.25 (0.83) | − 1.95 (0.81) | 0.025 |
| Booster, % | 13 (6) | 10 (6) | 14 (6) | 0.049 |
| Booster rate, % | − 1.64 (0.64) | − 1.25 (0.57) | − 1.83 (0.59) | 0.009 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 57 (7) | 58 (7) | 56 (8) | 0.45 |
| LV mass index, g | 104 (27) | 105 (25) | 103 (28) | 0.87 |
| BSA-indexed LV end-diastolic volume, mL/m2 | 86 (25) | 75 (27) | 91 (23) | 0.084 |
| BSA-indexed LV end-systolic volume, mL/m2 | 37 (16) | 30 (15) | 40 (17) | 0.074 |
| BSA-indexed LV stroke volume, mL/m2 | 49 (11) | 45 (16) | 51 (8) | 0.19 |
| BSA-indexed LV mass, g/m2 | 59 (14) | 58 (15) | 60 (14) | 0.73 |
| RV ejection fraction, % | 56.3 (6.0) | 56.5 (6.4) | 56.2 (5.9) | 0.90 |
| BSA-indexed RV end-diastolic volume, mL/m2 | 99 (137) | 70 (20) | 113 (166) | 0.22 |
| BSA-indexed RV end-systolic volume, mL/m2 | 35 (11) | 32 (14) | 36 (10) | 0.37 |
| BSA-indexed RV stroke volume, mL/m2 | 43 (9) | 39 (11) | 45 (8) | 0.083 |
| LV strain, % | ||||
| Basal radial | 25 (9) | 27 (10) | 24 (8) | 0.45 |
| Basal circumferential | − 15.2 (3.9) | − 15.8 (4.5) | − 14.9 (3.6) | 0.55 |
| Basal longitudinal | − 13.6 (3.3) | − 13.8 (2.8) | − 13.6 (3.5) | 0.83 |
| Mid radial | 23 (12) | 28 (9) | 21 (12) | 0.082 |
| Mid circumferential | − 14.7 (6.2) | − 17.4 (3.3) | − 13.3 (6.9) | 0.024 |
| Mid longitudinal | − 14.94 (3.22) | − 14.73 (2.43) | − 15.04 (3.59) | 0.76 |
| Apical radial | 36 (19) | 41 (13) | 34 (21) | 0.24 |
| Apical circumferential | − 18.4 (7.2) | − 20.9 (3.9) | − 17.2 (8.1) | 0.073 |
| Apical longitudinal | − 14.0 (3.8) | − 13.1 (3.6) | − 14.5 (3.9) | 0.29 |
| Global radial | 26 (10) | 30 (10) | 25 (10) | 0.18 |
| Global circumferential | − 15.4 (5.5) | − 17.1 (4.3) | − 14.6 (6.0) | 0.16 |
| Global longitudinal | − 14.1 (2.9) | − 13.9 (2.5) | − 14.3 (3.2) | 0.65 |
| LGE pericardial enhancement, n (%) | 21 (58%) | 8 (67%) | 13 (54%) | 0.47 |
| LGE grading, n (%) | 0.068 | |||
| No pericardial LGE | 13 (36%) | 4 (33%) | 9 (38%) | |
| Mild pericardial LGE | 5 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (21%) | |
| Moderate pericardial LGE | 11 (31%) | 3 (25%) | 8 (33%) | |
| Severe pericardial LGE | 7 (19%) | 5 (42%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| T2 STIR, n (%) | 16 (44%) | 7 (58%) | 9 (37%) | 0.14 |
| T1 mapping, ms | 1035 (154) | 1057 (55) | 1025 (185) | 0.44 |
Abbreviations: BSA, body surface area; CRP, C-reactive protein; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LV, left ventricle; STIR, short tau inversion recovery; SV, stroke volume; RV, right ventricle
1Mean (SD) or frequency (%)
2Fisher’s exact test; Welch two-sample t-test; Pearson’s chi-squared test