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. 2024 May 3;19(5):1345–1351. doi: 10.1007/s11739-024-03622-7

Table 3.

HRV analysis with deep breathing test in patients with tVVS and controls

Parameter Syncope (n = 38) No Syncope (n = 51) p-value
Minimum inspiratory HR (bpm) 56.3 ± 8.8 56.1 ± 8.6 0.92
Maximum expiratory HR (bpm) 95.5 ± 8.9 99.3 ± 21.6 0.31
SDNN (ms) 115.8 ± 37.5 121.5 ± 41.1 0.50
ΔE/I 39.2 ± 9.1 43.1 ± 19.7 0.25
E/I ratio 1.7 ± 0.3 1.8 ± 0.3 0.36
RMSSD (ms) 88.4 ± 43.5 89.8 ± 49.9 0.89
VLF (ms2) 72.3 ± 57.6 93.9 ± 88.2 0.19
LF (ms2) 413.7 ± 87.6 397.6 ± 100.5 0.43
HF (ms2) 116.3 ± 56.3 121.5 ± 66.2 0.70
Total power (ms2) 609.3 ± 65.9 621.6 ± 71.3 0.41

RR  time between two successive R-waves, HR  heart rate, SDNN  standard deviation of NN interval, ΔE/I = Maximum heart rate during expiration subtracted by minimum heart rate during inspiration, E/I ratio  Ratio of maximum and minimum heart rate during expiration and inspiration, RMSSD  root mean square of successive differences, VLF  very low frequency, LF  low frequency, HF  high frequency