Solomon 2003.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial. Analysis: not intention to treat.
Participants	Setting and country: single centre, Australia. Inclusion criteria: failed dietary and medical treatment. Exclusion criteria: No anatomic defect in external sphincter, IBD, peri‐anal inflammation, diarrhoea, rectal prolapse. Number of participants: 120 randomised, 102 completed Age: mean age 62 years Sex:107 women, 13 men Other characteristics of participants:
Interventions	Five thirty minute sessions over four months. Group 1: Anal sphincter exercises taught on digital examination. Group 2: Anal sphincter exercises taught with transanal ultrasound feedback. Group 3: Anal sphincter exercises taught with manometric feedback.
Outcomes	Scores, VAS, investigators assessment, quality of life, manometry, fatigue rate Follow‐up period: end of treatment.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Opaque envelopes organised centrally
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Opaque envelopes organised centrally
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcome assessor blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	120 randomised, 102 completed (groups not stated)