Table 4.
Class response percentages within variable and differences of characteristics between classes among participants commetted violent behaviour in 6-month follow-up period (n = 117)
| Class1 (n = 41, 35.04%) |
Class2 (n = 45, 38.46%) |
Class3 (n = 31, 26.50%) |
Class1 vs. Class3 OR (95%CI) |
Class2 vs. Class3 OR (95%CI) |
Class2 vs. Class1 OR (95%CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 43.59 ± 11.93 | 41.69 ± 11.41 | 40.13 ± 11.34 | 1.03(0.99–1.07) | 1.01(0.97–1.05) | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 28(68.29) | 23(51.11) | 10(32.26) | 4.52(1.66–12.29)** | 2.20(0.85–5.70) | 0.49(0.20–1.17) |
| Female | 13(31.71) | 22(48.89) | 21(67.74) | ref | ref | ref |
| Education | 7.51 ± 3.82 | 8.11 ± 3.46 | 8.55 ± 3.85 | 0.93(0.81–1.05) | 0.97(0.85–1.10) | 1.05(0.93–1.18) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Unmarried | 20(48.78) | 20(44.44) | 15(48.39) | ref | ref | ref |
| Married | 19(46.34) | 16(35.56) | 13(41.94) | 1.10(0.41–2.90) | 0.92(0.34–2.49) | 0.84(0.34–2.09) |
| Divorced | 2(4.88) | 8(17.78) | 3(9.68) | 0.50(0.07–3.38) | 2.00(0.45–8.84) | 4.00(0.75–21.22) |
| widowed | 0(0.00) | 1(2.22) | 0(0.00) | 0.99(0.99–0.99) | - | - |
| Unemployed | 20(48.78) | 22(48.89) | 18(58.06) | 0.69(0.27–1.76) | 0.69(0.28–1.74) | 1.00(0.43–2.34) |
| No economic source | 11(26.83) | 8(17.78) | 0(0.00) | 1.09(0.43–2.76) | 0.57(0.23–1.44) | 0.52(0.22–1.24) |
| Child maltreatment | 6(14.63) | 4(8.89) | 1(3.23) | 5.14(0.59–45.15) | 2.93(0.31–27.53) | 0.57(0.15–2.18) |
| Violence history | 23(56.10) | 14(31.11) | 9(29.03) | 3.12(1.16–8.41)* | 1.10(0.41-3.00) | 0.35(0.15–0.85)* |
| Schizophrenia | 32(78.05) | 35(77.78) | 21(67.74) | 1.69(0.59–4.87) | 1.67(0.60–4.67) | 0.98(0.36–2.73) |
| ASPD | 11(26.83) | 8(17.78) | 0(0.00) | - | - | 0.59(0.21–1.65) |
| BPAQ | ||||||
| PA | 28.80 ± 3.74 | 26.49 ± 3.05 | 17.16 ± 4.12 | 4.16(2.08–8.34)*** | 3.35(1.70–6.62)*** | 0.81(0.69–0.94)** |
| VA | 15.15 ± 2.86 | 15.67 ± 2.20 | 11.13 ± 3.27 | 1.77(1.36–2.30)*** | 1.93(1.46–2.54)*** | 1.09(0.92–1.30) |
| Anger | 21.76 ± 3.64 | 21.29 ± 2.35 | 13.97 ± 4.00 | 1.84(1.46–2.31)*** | 1.74(1.40–2.16)*** | 0.95(0.82–1.10) |
| Hostility | 28.17 ± 4.25 | 27.29 ± 2.44 | 16.29 ± 4.11 | 2.37(1.62–3.46)*** | 2.18(1.51–3.15)*** | 0.92(0.81–1.05) |
| BPAQ Total Score | 93.88 ± 11.16 | 90.73 ± 6.67 | 58.55 ± 13.68 | 3.10(0.87–11.12) | 2.98(0.83–10.68) | 0.96(0.91–1.01) |
| BIS-11 | ||||||
| AI | 41.88 ± 5.46 | 30.42 ± 2.61 | 34.42 ± 8.79 | 1.22(1.11–1.34)*** | 0.87(0.79–0.96)** | 0.71(0.63–0.80)*** |
| MI | 26.41 ± 6.23 | 27.82 ± 3.75 | 19.90 ± 4.48 | 1.27(1.13–1.41)*** | 1.35(1.20–1.52)*** | 1.07(0.97–1.17) |
| NPI | 42.20 ± 4.81 | 30.69 ± 4.89 | 34.61 ± 9.41 | 1.24(1.12–1.36)*** | 0.92(0.85–0.99)** | 0.74(0.67–0.82)*** |
| BIS-11 Total Score | 110.49 ± 9.76 | 88.93 ± 8.35 | 88.94 ± 19.32 | 1.23(1.13–1.33)*** | 1.00(0.97–1.04) | 0.82(0.75–0.88)*** |
| IA | 23.78 ± 2.64 | 21.56 ± 2.57 | 18.00 ± 6.23 | 1.53(1.28–1.84)*** | 1.22(1.07–1.38)** | 0.79(0.68–0.93)** |
| PM | 29.27 ± 4.47 | 28.20 ± 3.98 | 23.35 ± 9.63 | 1.16(1.07–1.27)** | 1.13(1.04–1.22)** | 0.97(0.90–1.04) |
| MOAS | ||||||
| VA | 1.02 ± 0.72 | 1.31 ± 1.00 | 1.00 ± 0.63 | 1.05(0.56–1.95) | 1.59(0.88–2.87) | 1.53(0.90–2.60) |
| AAP | 0.44 ± 0.78 | 0.76 ± 1.00 | 0.48 ± 0.89 | 0.93(0.53–1.66) | 1.38(0.82–2.32) | 1.48(0.91–2.41) |
| SA | 0.24 ± 0.58 | 0.33 ± 0.71 | 0.13 ± 0.34 | 1.72(0.57–5.16) | 2.16(0.75–6.25) | 1.26(0.63–2.52) |
| PA | 0.32 ± 0.72 | 0.40 ± 0.81 | 0.35 ± 1.05 | 0.94(0.53–1.68) | 1.06(0.62–1.81) | 1.13(0.68–1.88) |
| Total MOAS score | 3.90 ± 3.47 | 5.42 ± 6.41 | 3.77 ± 4.23 | 1.01(0.89–1.14) | 1.08(0.96–1.20) | 1.07(0.97–1.18) |
Class 1, violence history and impulsivity; Class 2, high aggression and motor impulsivity; Class 3,median cognitive impulsivity
OR Odds Ratio, CI confidence interval, ASPD Antisocial Personality Disorder, BPAQ Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire, BIS Barrett Impulsiveness Scale, PA Physical Aggression, VA Verbal Aggression, AI Attentional Impulsiveness, MI Motor Impulsiveness, NPI Non-planning Impulsiveness, IA Impulsive Aggression, PM Premeditated Aggression, MOAS Modified Overt Aggression Scale, AAP Aggression against property, SA Self-aggression
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001