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Mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis involved in BRD4 and anti-cardiac fibrosis effects and mechanisms of BRD4 inhibitors. BRD4 is involved in fibrotic phenotypic changes in CFs, cardiomyocytes, and endothelial cells caused by external stimuli. It mainly affects the expression of fibrosis-related genes. BRD4 inhibitors (JQ1, C34, FX, and BEL) exert their anti-cardiac fibrosis effects mainly by inhibiting BRD4-mediated gene transcription, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and oxidative stress
