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. 2024 Apr 29;124(9):2799–2807. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05492-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Represents the difference in oxygen consumption (VO₂) at submaximal (first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds) and maximal exercise intensities between groups. PD participants with blunted HR response (PDCI) presented significantly lower VO₂ compared to both PD participants without chronotropic incompetence (PD non-CI) and the control group at VT2 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.036) and peak exercise (p = 0.001 and p = 0.023)