Fig. 2.

Bergenin stabilized the disorders of ECM homeostasis stimulated by IL-1β in vitro. (A) The cytotoxic effect of Ber on chondrocytes was determined at different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μM) for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. The viability of cells was assessed by CCK-8 assay. (B) Toluidine blue staining results for ATDC5 cultured with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) and various concentrations of Ber (0, 10 and 20 μM) for 7–9 days by high density culture method. Scale bar = 1 cm. (C) The relative intensity of blue staining. Each column represents the mean ± SD from 3 repeated and independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001. ECM, extracellular matrix; IL-1β, interleukin-1β.