Table II.
Multi-port systems for gynaecologic surgery overview.
| Robot | Field | Console | Ergonomics | Surgeon sterile | Vision | Long distance control | Bedside system | Instrument arms | Instruments | Trocar position | Trocars | Availability | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| da Vinci® Xi (Intuitive) | GYN, ENT, GS, THOR, UR | CLOSED | SEATED | NO | 3D HD + NIR | Yes | Single cart | 3 | REUSABLE | SPECIFIC | SPECIFIC | COMMERCIAL | 2014 (FDA) |
| Sina robotic system (Sina Robotics and Medical Innovators) | GYN, GS | OPEN | SEATED + STANDING | NO | 4K | Yes | Independent BSU | 2 | - | - | - | COMMERCIAL | 2015 (IRAN) |
| Senhance (Asensus) | GYN, GS, THOR, UR | OPEN | SEATED | NO | 3D HD + NIR | - | Independent BSU | 2 | REUSABLE | SPECIFIC | GENERIC | COMMERCIAL | 2017 (FDA) |
| Revo-I (Revo) | GYN, UR | CLOSED | SEATED | NO | 3D HD | - | Single cart | 3 | - | - | - | COMMERCIAL | 2017 (KOREA) |
| Versius (CMR) | GYN, ENT, GS, THOR, UR | OPEN | SEATED + STANDING | NO | 3D HD | Yes | Independent BSU | 3 | Country-specific | SPECIFIC | GENERIC | COMMERCIAL | 2019 (FDA) |
| Avatera (avateramedical) | GYN, GS, UR | OPEN | SEATED | NO | 3D HD | - | Single cart | 3 | DISPOSABLE | SPECIFIC | GENERIC | COMMERCIAL | 2019 (CE) |
| Hinotori (Medicaroid) | GYN, UR | CLOSED | SEATED | NO | 3D | Yes | Single cart | 3 | - | SPECIFIC | - | COMMERCIAL | 2020 (Japan) |
| Dexter (Distalmotion) | GYN | OPEN | SEATED + STANDING | YES | - | - | Independent BSU | 2 | REUSABLE | AS IN MIS | GENERIC | COMMERCIAL | 2020 (CE) |
| HUGO™ RAS (Medtronic) | GYN, UR | OPEN | SEATED | NO | 3D HD | - | Independent BSU | 3 | - | SPECIFIC | GENERIC | COMMERCIAL | 2021 (CE) |
| SSI (Mantra Innovation) | GYN, CARDIAC, ENT, GS, THOR, UR | OPEN | - | NO | 3D HD | - | Independent BSU | 4 | - | - | - | COMMERCIAL | 2022 (India) |
| Maestro (Moon Surgical) | GYN, GS, UR | Non-Console System | - | YES | 3D | - | Single cart | 2 | - | SPECIFIC | GENERIC | COMMERCIAL | 2022 (FDA) |
| Carina RAS (Ronovo Surgical) | GYN, UR | CLOSED | SEATED | NO | 3D HD + NIR | - | Independent BSU | 3 | - | - | SPECIFIC | PROTOTYPE | - |
| Bitrack System (Rob Surgical) | GYN, GS, THOR, UR | OPEN | SEATED | NO | 3D | - | Single cart | 3 | DISPOSABLE | AS IN MIS | GENERIC | PROTOTYPE | 2018 |
| Ottava (Ethicon/J&J) | GYN, GS, THOR, UR | - | SEATED | NO | 3D HD + NIR | Independent table-mounted | 5/6 | - | - | - | PROTOTYPE | 2024 | |
| Luna (Asensus) | GYN, GS, UR | OPEN | SEATED | NO | 3D HD | Independent BSU | 3 | - | - | - | PROTOTYPE | 2025 |
BSU: bedside units; NIR: Near-infrared fluorescence; GYN: Gynaecology; GS: General surgery; THOR: Thoracic surgery; ENT: head and neck surgery; CARDIAC: cardiac surgery; UR: urology