Table 1. Variation and effect of NF-κB in caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis and periodontitis in different experimental types.
Images created with BioRender.com.
| Diseases | Main factors | Experiment strategy | NF-κB change | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Dental caries |
IG-13-1 and IG-13-2 (Chen et al., 2019b) | Macrophages | NF-κB↓ | Anti-infla |
| NF-κB inhibitor (Hozhabri et al., 2015) | hDPSCs | NF-κB gene↓, N-p6↓ | ||
| Connexin43 (Long et al., 2023) | Rat, hDPCs | NF-κB↓ | ||
| Ag-BG/CS (Zhu et al., 2019) | DPCs | p-p65↓ | ||
| DNMT1 (Meng et al., 2019) | hOB | p-ΙKKα/β↑, p-IκBα↑, p-p65↑ | Pro-infla | |
| AZA (Feng et al., 2021) | hOBs | p-IKKα/β↑, p-IκBα↑, p-p65↑ | ||
| Autophagy (Pei et al., 2016) | mDPC6T (cell line) | p-NF-κB↓ | Pro-differentiation | |
| MDP/NOD2 (Xiao et al., 2022) | hDPSC | p-p65↑, p-IκBα↑ | Inhibition differentiation | |
| Neuropilin-1-FYN (Song et al., 2018) | hDPSC | N-p65↑ | Pro-infla and inhibition differentiation | |
 Pulpitis |
microRNA-506 (Wang et al., 2019) | DPSCs | p-p65↓ | Anti-infla |
| AEG-1 (knockout) (Wu et al., 2018) | Rat, hDPCs | p-p65↓ | ||
| Pannexin3 (Song et al., 2017) | hDPCs | p-p65↓, IκBα↑ | ||
| Berberine (Song et al., 2020) | hDPF | p-p65↓, p-ΙKK↓, IκBα↑ | ||
| Resolvin and lipoxinA4 (Liu et al., 2022) | hDPF, rat pulpitis | RelA mRNA↓, N/C-p65↓ | ||
| G-Rb1 (Nam et al., 2024) | hDPCs | p-p65↓, pIκBα↓ | ||
| TLR4/MyD88 (Lin et al., 2015) | Rat acute pulpitis | p65↑, N-p50↑ | Pro-infla | |
| PECAM1 and CXCR4 (Liu et al., 2020b) | HDPFs | p-p65↑ | ||
| NF-κB inhibitor (Hozhabri et al., 2015) | hDPSCs | NF-κB gene↓, N-p65↓ | Pro-differentiation | |
| Autophagy (Pei et al., 2016) | mDPC6T (cell line) | p-NF-κB↓ | ||
| LPS (Huang et al., 2015) | hDPCs | NF-κB↑ | ||
| TSG-6 (Wang et al., 2024) | DPSC | p-p65↓, pIκBα↓ | ||
| AGGF1 (knockout) (Shen et al., 2021) | hDPCs | p-p65↑ | Pro-infla and inhibition angiogenesis | |
 Apical periodontitis |
LTA/NLRP3 (Wang et al., 2016) | Rat, RAW 264.7 cells | N-p65↑ | Pro-infla |
| LPS (Guan et al., 2021) | Subjects, hDPCs, rat | p-p65↑ | Pro-infla and bone destruction | |
| CD14 and TLR4, TLR2 (Rider et al., 2016) | Mice, L929 cells | NF-κB↑ | ||
| RGS10 (inhibition) (Wei et al., 2022) | Mice | NF-κB↑ | ||
| RANKL (Ikeda et al., 2022) | Subjects | NF-κB↑ | Bone destruction | |
| IL-23 (Ma et al., 2017) | Monocyte/Macrophage cell | p-IκB↑ | ||
| Osteopontin (Dong et al., 2018) | Subjects, RAW264.7 and MC3T3-E1 cells, mice | NF-κB↑, p-p65↑ | ||
| GroEL (Zhang et al., 2021a) | Subjects, MC3T3-E1 cell line, mice primary osteo-blasts | Acetyl-p65↑ | ||
| HIF1 (Hirai et al., 2018) | Mice, macrophages | p-p65↓, p-ΙKK↓ | Anti-infla and bone protection | |
 Periodontitis |
LIPUS (Liu et al., 2020a) | hPDLSCs | p-IκBα↓, N-p65↓ | Anti-infla |
| LncRNA SNHG5 (Han et al., 2022) | Mice PD, subjects | p-p65↓ | ||
| LncRNA FGD5 AS1 (Chen et al., 2019a) | Subjects, hPDLSCs mice, PDLCs | p/t-p65↓, p/t-IκBα↑ | ||
| FGF-2 (Fujihara et al., 2019) | Mice monocyte and fibroblast cells,mice, | P52↓ | ||
| Resveratro liposomes (Shi et al., 2021) | Human vascular endothelial cells | p-p65↓, p-IκBα↓ | ||
| Inflammation (Ambili et al., 2005) | Subjects | p50/p65↑ | Pro-infla | |
| F. nucleatum (Wang et al., 2023) | hPDLSCs | p-ΙKK↑, p-p65↑ | ||
| Visfatin (Yao et al., 2021) | hPDLCs, hGFs | p-p65↑ | ||
| Mangiferin (Li et al., 2017) | Mice | pp50/p50↓, | Anti-infla and bone protection | |
| Prifenidone (Zhang et al., 2023) | Mice, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells | pp65/p65↓ | ||
| p-p65↓, p-IκBα↓ | ||||
| Non-canonical NF-κB (Aoki et al., 2023) | Mice PD, Primary osteoblasts, | non-canonical NF-κB↓ | ||
| PA (Huang et al., 2020) | Bone marrow cells hPDLFs | p-IκBα↓, p-p65↓ | ||
| microRNA-21 (knockout) (Zhou et al., 2018) | miR-21 deficient mice, subjects, macrophages | p-NF-κB↑, T-IκB↓ | Pro-infla and, bone destruction | |
| NF-κB1, NF-κB2 (Franzoso et al., 1997; Iotsova et al., 1997) | p50 and p52 knockouted mice | NF-κB1↓, NF-κB2↓ | Osteopetrosis | |
| ΙKK/NF-κB (Chang et al., 2009) | Primary calvarial cells, generation of transgenic mice | p-p65↓, NF-κB↓, p-IκBα↓ | Bone protection | |
| NF-κB (Alles et al., 2010) | Mice, osteoblasts, | NF-κB↓ (OD p65↓, p50↓) | ||
| LncRNA Dancr (Lu et al., 2020) | Osteoclasts | p-p65↓, p-IκBα↓ | ||
| LncRNA Nron (Li et al., 2022) | Osteoblastic cell line,Nron knockouted mice | NF-κB↓(NKRF↑) | ||
| rh-BMP-2 and rh-DSP (Lee et al., 2014) | Human cementoblasts and PDLCs | p-p65↓, p-IκBα↓ | ||
| Tcf712 (Zhao et al., 2019) | Mice, cementoblast cell line | p-p65↑ | ||
| Vibration (Sakamoto et al., 2019) | Osteocyte and pre-osteoclast cell line, rat | p-IκB↑, NF-κB↑ | Bone destruction | |
| NIK (Wang et al., 2020) | Mice, osteoclasts | p-IκBα↑, p-p105↑ | ||
| Caveolin-1 (inhibition) (Lee et al., 2016) | Mice, hPDLCs, human cementoblasts | p-IκB↑, N-p65↑ | ||
| LL-37 (Kittaka et al., 2013) | hPL cells | p-p65↑ | Pro-angiogenesis |