Table 3.
Factors Associated with Unfavorable Outcomes Among RR-TB Patients in Univariate Analyses
| Variable | Treatment Success* n=1055 |
Unfavorable Outcome† n=284 |
Unadjusted OR | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 732 (78.0) | 207 (22.0) | Reference | |
| Female | 323 (80.8) | 77 (19.3) | 0.843 (0.629, 1.129) | 0.253 |
| Age | ||||
| 15–59 years | 912 (81.7) | 204 (18.3) | Reference | |
| ≥60 years | 143 (64.1) | 80 (35.9) | 2.501 (1.829, 3.420) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg / m2) | ||||
| <18.5 | 224 (67.5) | 108 (32.5) | Reference | |
| ≥18.5 | 831 (82.5) | 176 (17.5) | 0.439 (0.332, 0.582) | <0.001 |
| Nationality | ||||
| Han | 1005 (80.1) | 250 (19.9) | Reference | |
| National minority | 50 (59.5) | 34 (40.5) | 2.734 (1.731, 4.318) | <0.001 |
| Residential area | ||||
| Rural | 406 (76.5) | 125 (23.5) | Reference | |
| Urban | 649 (80.3) | 159 (19.7) | 0.796 (0.610, 1.037) | 0.091 |
| TB contact history | 94 (77.0) | 28 (23.0) | 1.118 (0.717, 1.743) | 0.622 |
| Alcohol use | 188 (73.4) | 68 (26.6) | 1.452 (1.060, 1.989) | 0.020 |
| Smoking | 289 (74.5) | 99 (25.5) | 1.418 (1.073, 1.875) | 0.014 |
| With comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes | 176 (74.6) | 60 (25.4) | 1.338 (0.964, 1.856) | 0.082 |
| Cardiopathy | 14 (45.2) | 17 (54.8) | 4.734 (2.304, 9.727) | <0.001 |
| Tumour | 4 (36.4) | 7 (63.6) | 6.640 (1.930, 22.844) | 0.003 |
| Immunocompromise | 40 (61.5) | 25 (38.5) | 2.449 (1.459, 4.112) | 0.001 |
| Viral hepatitis or carrier | 43 (81.1) | 10 (18.9) | 0.859 (0.426, 1.731) | 0.671 |
| TB treatment history | ||||
| Initial treatment | 474 (83.5) | 94 (16.5) | Reference | |
| Re-treated | 581 (75.4) | 190 (24.6) | 1.649 (1.252, 2.172) | <0.001 |
| Time from onset of symptoms to treatment | ||||
| <6 months | 505 (77.1) | 150 (22.9) | Reference | |
| ≥6 months | 550 (80.4) | 134 (19.6) | 0.818 (0.634, 1.055) | 0.122 |
| Sputum smear positive | 586 (77.3) | 172 (22.7) | 1.229 (0.941, 1.606) | 0.130 |
| Sputum culture positive | 975 (79.0) | 259 (21.0) | 0.850 (0.532, 1.359) | 0.498 |
| Radiographic characteristics | ||||
| Bilateral lung | 766 (77.1) | 228 (22.9) | 1.536 (1.113, 2.120) | 0.009 |
| Pulmonary cavities | 665 (79.7) | 169 (20.3) | 0.862 (0.659, 1.127) | 0.277 |
| Resistance pattern | ||||
| RR-TB | 311 (81.2) | 72 (18.8) | Reference | |
| MDR/Pre-XDR/XDR-TB | 744 (77.8) | 212(22.2) | 0.812 (0.603, 1.095) | 0.172 |
| Clinical symptoms | ||||
| Cough | 916 (78.4) | 253 (21.6) | 1.238 (0.819, 1.873) | 0.311 |
| Expectoration | 835 (78.2) | 233 (21.8) | 1.204 (0.859, 1.687) | 0.282 |
| Fever | 263 (80.7) | 63 (19.3) | 0.858 (0.628, 1.174) | 0.339 |
| Hemoptysis | 212 (83.1) | 43 (16.9) | 0.709 (0.496, 1.015) | 0.060 |
| Night sweat | 325 (76.1) | 102 (23.9) | 1.259 (0.956, 1.658) | 0.101 |
| Fatigue | 397 (78.1) | 111 (21.9) | 1.063 (0.813, 1.392) | 0.654 |
| Loss of weight | 335 (73.1) | 123 (26.9) | 1.642 (1.256, 2.147) | <0.001 |
| Thoracalgia | 300 (74.4) | 103 (25.6) | 1.432 (1.086, 1.888) | 0.011 |
| Pant | 356 (74.3) | 123 (25.7) | 1.500 (1.148, 1.959) | 0.003 |
| Anti-tuberculosis treatment regimen | ||||
| Containing linezolid | 709 (81.3) | 163 (18.7) | 0.657 (0.503, 0.859) | 0.002 |
| Containing bedaquiline | 237 (89.4) | 28 (10.6) | 0.378 (0.249, 0.572) | <0.001 |
| AEs | ||||
| Abnormal liver function | 424 (83.6) | 83 (16.4) | 0.651 (0.463, 0.816) | 0.001 |
| Anemia | 285 (77.4) | 83 (22.6) | 1.116 (0.835, 1.490) | 0.459 |
| Leukopenia | 178 (89.0) | 22 (11.0) | 0.414 (0.260, 0.658) | <0.001 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 91 (75.2) | 30 (24.8) | 1.251 (0.810, 1.933) | 0.313 |
| Allergy | 36 (85.7) | 6 (14.3) | 0.611 (0.255, 1.465) | 0.269 |
| Chronic renal failure | 45 (75.0) | 15 (25.0) | 1.252 (0.687, 2.280) | 0.269 |
| QT prolongation | 105 (83.3) | 21 (16.7) | 0.722 (0.443, 1.177) | 0.192 |
| Mental anomaly | 54 (83.1) | 11 (16.9) | 0.747 (0.385, 1.448) | 0.388 |
| Gastrointestinal reactions | 145 (71.4) | 58 (28.6) | 1.611 (1.149, 2.257) | 0.006 |
| Peripheral neuritis | 221 (90.2) | 24 (9.8) | 0.348 (0.224, 0.543) | <0.001 |
| Optic neuritis | 109 (87.9) | 15 (12.1) | 0.484 (0.277, 0.844) | 0.011 |
| Dysacusis | 54 (80.6) | 13 (19.4) | 0.889 (0.478, 1.653) | 0.711 |
| Hyperuricemia | 344 (80.2) | 85 (19.8) | 0.883 (0.664, 1.174) | 0.391 |
| Electrolyte disturbance | 246 (77.4) | 72 (22.6) | 1.117 (0.825, 1.512) | 0.475 |
| Hypothyroidism | 136 (86.1) | 22 (13.9) | 0.567 (0.354, 0.909) | 0.018 |
Notes: *Treatment success (treatment completed and cured). †Unfavorable outcome (treatment failure, death, loss to follow-up, and not evaluated).